Microsoft Excel (Mac OS X)

Microsoft Excel 2008
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Microsoft Excel(also sometimes called Microsoft Office Excel listen)) is a spreadsheet program created by Microsoft Corporation for Microsoft Windows, Windows NT and Mac OS. It provides economic-statistical capabilities, graphical tools, and, with the exception of Excel 2008 on Mac OS X, the VBA macro programming language ( Visual Basic for Application). Microsoft Excel is part of Microsoft Office and today Excel is one of the most popular applications in the world.

Story

VBA functionality made Excel an easy target for macro viruses. And this was a serious problem until antivirus products learned to detect them. Microsoft, belatedly taking measures to reduce the risk, added the ability to select a security mode:

• completely disable macros
• enable macros when opening document
• trust all macros signed using trusted certificates.

Excel versions 5.0 through 9.0 contain various Easter eggs, although Microsoft began taking steps to eliminate them starting with version 10.

Versions

Windows and Windows NT versions

Excel 97 (8.0) on Windows XP

Microsoft Office Excel 2003

• 1988 - Excel 2.0 for Windows
• 1990 - Excel 3.0
• 1992 - Excel 4.0
• 1993 - Excel 5.0 (Office 4.2 and 4.3, there is also a 32-bit version for Windows NT only)
• 1995 - Excel 7 for Windows 95 (included in Microsoft Office 95)
• 1997 - Excel 97 (included in Microsoft Office 97)
• 1999 - Excel 2000 (9) - Microsoft Office 2000
• 2001 - Excel 2002 (10) - Microsoft Office XP
• 2003 - Excel 2003 (11) - Microsoft Office 2003
• 2007 - Excel 2007 (12) - Microsoft Office 2007
• 2010 - Excel 2010 (14) - Microsoft Office 2010
• Comment: Version 1.0 was not used to avoid confusion with Apple products
• Comment: Excel 6.0 does not exist because Windows version 95 came with Word 7. All Office programs 95 and Office 4.x used OLE 2.0 (automatic data transfer between various programs), and Excel 7 should have shown that it complies with Word 7.
• Comment: Version 13.0 has been skipped. Excel 2010 has internal version 14.0.

Macintosh versions

• 1985 - Excel 1.0
• 1988 - Excel 1.5
• 1989 - Excel 2.2
• 1990 - Excel 3.0
• 1992 - Excel 4.0
• 1993 - Excel 5.0
• 1998 - Excel 8.0 (Office "98)
• 2000 - Excel 9.0 (Office 2001)
• 2001 - Excel 10.0 (Office v. X)
• 2004 - Excel 11.0 (Office 2004)
• 2008 - Excel 12.0 (Office 2008)
• 2011 - Excel 14.0 (Office 2011)

OS/2 versions

• 1989 - Excel 2.2
• 1990 - Excel 2.3
• 1991 - Excel 3.0

Excel versions prior to 7.0 were limited in data storage capabilities, holding up to 16,384 (2 14) rows. Versions 8.0-11.0 could handle 65,536 (2 16) rows and 256 columns (2 8). Versions 12.0 and 14.0 handle up to 1,048,576 (2 20) rows and 16,384 (2 14) columns.

File formats

Microsoft Excel, up to and including version 2003, used its own binary file format (BIFF) as the main one. Excel 2007 uses Microsoft Office Open XML as its primary format.

Although Excel 2007 supports and aims to use newer XML formats as its primary format, it is still compatible with traditional binary formats. Additionally, most versions of Microsoft Excel can read CSV, DBF, SYLK, DIF, and other formats.

Office Open XML

Microsoft Excel 2007, along with other Microsoft Office 2007 products, introduces many new file formats. They are part of the Office Open XML (OOXML) specification.

New Excel 2007 formats

Format	Extension	Notes
Excel workbook	.xlsx	Standard Excel 2007 workbook format. It is actually a compressed ZIP archive of a catalog of XML documents. It is a replacement for the former .xls binary format, although it does not support macros for security reasons.
Excel workbook with macros	.xlsm	The same Excel workbook, but with macro support.
Binary Excel workbook	.xlsb	The same Excel workbook with macros, but storing information in binary format, opening documents faster than XML. It is especially often used for very large documents with tens of thousands of rows and/or hundreds of columns.
Excel template with macros	.xltm	Template created as a basis for workbooks, macro support included. Replaces the old .xlt format.
Excel add-in	.xlam	An Excel add-in aimed at adding additional functionality and tools.

Exporting and moving tables

The API allows you to open Excel spreadsheets in a number of other applications. This includes opening Excel documents on web pages using ActiveX or plugins such as Adobe Flash Player. The Apache POI project provides Java libraries for reading and writing Excel spreadsheets. There have also been attempts to copy Excel tables into web applications using comma separated values ​​(CSV).

Programming

A valuable feature of Excel is the ability to write code using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). This code is written using an editor separate from the tables. The spreadsheet is managed through an object-oriented code and data model. With this code, the data from the input tables will be instantly processed and displayed in tables and charts (graphs). The table becomes the interface of the code, making it easy to change it and manage calculations.

MS Excel password protection

Microsoft Excel security provides several types of different passwords:

All passwords, except the password for opening a document, can be deleted instantly, regardless of the version of MS Excel in which the document was created. These types of passwords are primarily used for collaborative work on a document. When using them, the document is not encrypted, and the document stores a hash of set password. Although when using a password to protect a workbook, the document is encrypted with a known password "VelvetSweatshop", this does not add additional security to the document. The only type of password that can prevent an attacker from gaining access to a document is "password to open", but the cryptographic strength of such protection strongly depends on the version of MS Excel in which the document was created.

In MS Excel version 95 and earlier, "password to open" is converted into a 16-bit key, which is cracked instantly. In MS Excel 97/2000, the password was already converted into a 40-bit key, which on modern equipment can also be cracked very quickly. In addition, password cracking programs can try hundreds of thousands of passwords per second, which allows you not only to decrypt a document, but also to find the original password. In MS Excel 2003 / XP the situation has improved a little - the user can select almost any encryption algorithm available in the system (CryptoServiceProvider). But by default, the same MS Excel 97/2000 protection remains. For users who are accustomed to trusting the default behavior of programs, this means a lack of strong protection for their documents.

The situation changed dramatically in MS Excel 2007 - the modern AES algorithm with a 128-bit key began to be used for encryption, and to obtain the key, a 50,000-fold use of the SHA1 hash function was used, which reduced the search speed to hundreds of passwords per second. In MS Excel, the default security strength was increased by another 2 times, thanks to the use of a 100,000-fold SHA1 password-to-key conversion. Conclusion: at the moment, only documents saved in Office format 2007\2010 with resistant installed on them "password to open".

Criticism

Common criticisms of spreadsheet processors apply to Excel as well. Specific areas of criticism in Excel are accuracy, date issues, and Excel 2007 display errors.

Accuracy

Because Excel operates based on floating point calculations, Excel's statistical accuracy has been criticized. Excel proponents argue in response that these errors only appear under special conditions of specially selected source data, which affect a relatively small number of users, and are unlikely to occur in practice. For versions 97, 2000, 2002, errors were recorded when executing the MOD (division with remainder) function with certain arguments, where the function returns the #NUM! error instead of the result.

Date problems

In versions of Excel up to and including 2007, 1900 was incorrectly considered a leap year. The bug originated in Lotus 1-2-3 and was intentionally introduced into Excel for compatibility and maintained for backward compatibility.

Excel Display Errors

Microsoft Excel 2007 screenshot showing display error 65535

On September 22, 2007, it was reported that Excel 2007 would produce incorrect results in certain situations. Specifically, for those pairs of numbers whose product is 65535 (for example, 850 and 77.1), Excel will display 100000 as the total. This happens for about 14.5% of these pairs. Additionally, if you add one to the result, Excel will output a total of 100001. However, if you subtract one from the total, the display will show the correct result of 65534. (Also, if you multiply or divide the total by 2, it will display 131070 and 32767.5, respectively.)

Microsoft reported on the Microsoft Excel blog that an issue exists in the display of six specific floating point values ​​between 65534.99999999995 and 65535 and six values ​​between 65535.99999999995 and 65536 (not including bounds). Any calculations that result in one of the twelve values ​​will not display correctly. The actual data stored and transmitted to other cells is correct, only the display of the value is incorrect. The error appeared in Excel 2007 and does not exist in previous versions. On October 9, 2007, Microsoft released a patch that corrected the problem. It was also included in the Service Pack 1 fixes.

Notes

Links

• Working with Excel Files Using the .NET Framework
• List of MVP sites (English)

Microsoft Office
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Legacy applications	Binder · Data Analyzer · FrontPage · Liquid Motion · Mail · Office Assistants · PhotoDraw · Photo Editor · Schedule+ · Vizact · Web Components
Online services	Office Online Office 365 Office Live Meeting SkyDrive
Windows versions	3.0 · 4.0 · 4.3 · 95 · 97 · 2000 · XP · 2003 · · ·
Versions for Mac OS	98 2001 X 2004 2008 2011
Technologies	Object Linking and Embedding Office Open XML Visual Studio Tools for Office Visual Basic for Applications
Category

Microsoft Excel program is designed to organize data in a table for documenting and graphically presenting information. MS Excel workbooks provide the ability to store and organize data for calculating the sum of values ​​in cells...

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CONTENT

I Introduction II Main part 2.1 Description of MS Excel program functions 1.2 Program window 1.4Spreadsheet structure 1.5. Functions 1. 6 Possible mistakes when using functions in formulas 1.7 Data types and analysis 1.7 Scenarios III Practical part 3.1 Application of functions 3.2. Applying a script 3.2.1. Example of calculations of the internal investment turnover rate 3.2. Building charts IV. Workplace organization V. Occupational safety while working with a PC VI. Bibliography

I Introduction

Microsoft Excel is a program designed to organize data in a table for documenting and graphically presenting information.

MS Excel is used to create complex documents that require:

· Use the same data in different worksheets;

· Change and restore connections.

The advantage of MS Excel is that the program helps to operate with large volumes of information. MS Excel workbooks provide the ability to store and organize data and calculate the sum of values ​​in cells. MS Excel provides a wide range of methods to make information easy to understand.

Nowadays, it is important for every person to know and have skills in working with Microsoft Office applications, since modern world is filled with a huge amount of information that you simply need to be able to work with.

Goal: get acquainted with the functions of MS Excel for data processing

Task: consider the practical application of functions MS Excel

II Main part

2.1 Description of MS Excel program functions

1.2 Program window

To launch Excel, run Start / Programs / Microsoft Office / Microsoft Excel.

After loading the program, a Microsoft Excel working window will open containing menu items, as well as toolbars where buttons are located for creating a new workbook, opening an existing one, etc.

The Microsoft Excel program window with the loaded spreadsheet will look as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. - Microsoft Excel program window

The main elements of the working window are:

1. Title bar (it indicates the name of the program) with buttons for controlling the program window and document window (Collapse, Minimize to window or Expand to full screen, Close);

2. Main menu bar (each menu item is a set of commands united by a common functional focus) plus a search window reference information.

3. Toolbars ( Standard Formatting and etc.).

4. The formula bar, containing the Name field and the Insert Function (fx) button as elements, is intended for entering and editing values ​​or formulas in cells. The Name field displays the address of the current cell.

5. Work area (active worksheet).

6. Scroll bars (vertical and horizontal).

7. A set of shortcuts (sheet shortcuts) for moving between worksheets.

8. Status bar

1.4Spreadsheet structure

A file created using MS Excel is commonly called a workbook. You can create as many workbooks as the availability of free memory on the appropriate memory hardware allows. You can open as many workbooks as you have created. However, only one current (open) workbook can be an active workbook.

A workbook is a collection of worksheets, each of which has a tabular structure. The document window displays only the current (active) worksheet with which you are working. Each worksheet has a title, which appears on the worksheet tab at the bottom of the window. Using shortcuts, you can switch to other worksheets included in the same workbook. To rename a worksheet, you need to double-click on its tab and replace the old name with a new one or by executing the following commands: Format menu, Sheet line in the Rename menu list. Or you can, by placing the mouse pointer on the active worksheet shortcut, right-click, then in the context menu that appears, click on the Rename line and perform a rename. You can add (insert) new sheets to the workbook or delete unnecessary ones. Inserting a sheet can be done by executing the Insert menu command, line Sheet in the list of menu items. The sheet will be inserted before the active sheet. The above actions can also be performed using the context menu, which is activated by clicking the right mouse button, the pointer of which should be placed on the tab of the corresponding sheet. To swap worksheets, you need to place the mouse pointer on the tab of the sheet being moved, press the left mouse button and drag the tab to the desired location.

A worksheet (table) consists of rows and columns. The columns are headed with capital Latin letters and, further, with two-letter combinations. The worksheet contains a total of 256 columns, named A through IV. The lines are numbered sequentially from 1 to 65536.

Table cells are formed at the intersection of columns and rows. They are the minimum elements designed to store data. Each cell has its own address. A cell address consists of the column name and row number at the intersection of which the cell is located, for example, A1, B5, DE324. Cell addresses are used when writing formulas that define the relationship between values ​​located in different cells. Data entry and editing operations are always carried out only in the active cell. Data located in adjacent cells that form a rectangular area can be referenced as a single unit in formulas. A group of cells bounded by a rectangular area is called a range. The most commonly used rectangular ranges are formed at the intersection of a group of sequential rows and a group of sequential columns. A range of cells is indicated by indicating the address of the first cell and the address of the last cell in the range, separated by a colon, for example, B5: F15. Selecting a range of cells can be done by dragging the mouse pointer from one corner cell to the opposite cell diagonally. The frame of the current (active) cell expands, covering the entire selected range. Fig.2

Fig.2

To speed up and simplify computing Excel work puts at the user's disposal a powerful apparatus of worksheet functions that allow almost all possible calculations to be carried out.

1.5. Functions

In total, MS Excel contains more than 400 worksheet functions (built-in functions). All of them, according to their purpose, are divided into 11 groups (categories):

1. financial functions;

2. date and time functions;

3. arithmetic and trigonometric (mathematical) functions;

4. statistical functions;

5. functions of links and substitutions;

6. database functions (list analysis);

7. text functions;

8. logical functions;

9. information functions (checking properties and values);

10.function engineering;

11. Higher functions.

Writing any function into a worksheet cell must begin with the equals symbol (=). If a function is used as part of any other complex function or in a formula (mega formula), then the symbol exactly (=) is written before this function (formula). Any function is accessed by specifying its name followed by an argument (parameter) or list in parentheses. The presence of parentheses is required; they serve as a sign that the name used is the name of a function. List parameters (function arguments) are separated by semicolons (;). Their number should not exceed 30, and the length of a formula containing as many calls to functions as desired should not exceed 1024 characters. When writing (entering) a formula, it is recommended to type all names in lowercase letters; then correctly entered names are displayed in uppercase letters.

1. 6 Possible errors when using functions in formulas

When working with spreadsheets, it is important not only to know how to use them, but also to avoid making common mistakes. Research has shown that more than half of people who often use Microsoft Excel in their work keep a regular calculator on their desktop! The reason turned out to be simple: in order to perform the operation of summing two or more cells to obtain an intermediate result (and, as practice shows, most people have to perform such an operation quite often), it is necessary to perform two extra steps. Find the place in the current table where the total amount will be located and activate the summation operation by pressing the S (sum) button. And only after that you can select those cells whose values ​​are supposed to be summed.

In an Excel cell, you may see ####### (sharp) instead of the expected calculated value. This is just a sign that the cell width is not sufficient to display the resulting number.

The following values, called error constants, Excel displays in cells as formulas containing if errors occur when calculating these formulas:

1. # NAME? - The function name or cell address was entered incorrectly.

2. #DIV / 0! - The denominator value in the formula is zero (division by zero).

3. #NUMBER! - The value of the function argument is not valid. For example, ln(0), ln(-2),.

4. # VALUE! - The function parameters were entered incorrectly. For example, instead of a range of cells, their sequential listing was introduced.

1.6 Data analysis in MS Excel

Data - information:

Obtained by measurement, observation, logical or arithmetic operations;

Presented in a form suitable for permanent storage, transmission and (automated) processing.

1.7 Data types and analysis

In Excel, the data type is the type, the value stored in a cell.

When data is entered into a worksheet, Excel automatically analyzes it to determine the data type. The default data type assigned to a cell determines the data analysis that can be applied to that cell.

For example, most data analysis tools use numerical values. If you try to enter a text value, the program will respond with an error message.

Data types:

1. Text

2. Numeric

3. Number

4. Numeric characters

5. Fractions

6. Date and time

7. Give

8. Time

9. Formulas

Data analysis is a field of computer science that deals with the construction and research of the most general mathematical methods and computational algorithms for extracting knowledge from experimental (in a broad sense) data.

Data analysis - comparison of various information.

Working with a table is not limited to simply entering data into it. It is difficult to imagine an area where analysis of this data would not be required.

Data tables are part of a block of tasks that are sometimes called what-if analysis tools. A data table is a range of cells that shows how changing certain values ​​in formulas affects the results of those formulas. Sheets provide a way to quickly calculate multiple versions in a single operation, and a way to view and compare the results of all the different versions on a single worksheet.

MS Excel provides ample opportunities for analyzing the data in the list. Analysis tools include:

Processing a list using various formulas and functions;

Constructing charts and using MS Excel maps;

Checking data from worksheets and workbooks for errors;

Structuring worksheets;

Automatic summarization (including partial sum wizard);

Data consolidation;

Pivot tables;

Special tools for analyzing sample records and data - parameter selection, solution search, scenarios, etc.

1.7 Scenarios

One of the main benefits of data analytics is predicting future events based on today's information.

Scripts are part of a block of tasks that are sometimes called what-if analysis tools. (What-if analysis: The process of changing cell values ​​and analyzing the effect THOSE changes have on the result of formula calculations on a worksheet, such as changing the interest rate used in a depreciation table to determine payment amounts.)

A script is a set of values ​​that are stored in Microsoft Office Excel and can be automatically inserted into a worksheet. Scenarios can be used to predict the results of worksheet calculation models. It is possible to create and save different groups of values ​​in a worksheet, and then switch to any of these new scenarios to view different results. Or you can create multiple input data sets (changeable cells) for any number of variables and give each set a name. Based on the name of the selected data set, MS Excel will generate the analysis results on the worksheet. In addition, the scenario manager allows you to create a final report on scenarios, which reflects the results of substitution of various combinations of input parameters.

As you develop the scenario, the data on the sheet will change. For this reason, before starting to work with the script, you will need to create a script that saves the original data, or create a copy of the Excel sheet.

All scripts are created in the Add Script dialog box. First, you need to specify the cells to display the predicted changes. Cell references are separated from each other by a colon or semicolon. The Scenario Cell Values ​​dialog box then assigns a new value to each cell. These values ​​are used when the corresponding script is executed. After entering the values, a script is generated. When you select another scenario, the values ​​in the cells change as specified in the scenario.

To protect the script, use the checkboxes at the bottom of the Add Script dialog box. The Prohibit Changes check box prevents users from editing the script. If the Hide checkbox is enabled, users will not be able to see the script when they open the worksheet. These options only apply when sheet protection is set.

If you need to compare several scenarios at the same time, you can create a Final Report by clicking the Report button in the dialog box.

In many economic problems, the result of calculations depends on several parameters that can be controlled.

The script manager is opened by the command Tools / Scripts (Fig. 1). In the scenario manager window, using the appropriate buttons, you can add a new scenario, change, delete or display an existing one, as well as combine several different scenarios and get a final report on existing scenarios.

III Practical part

3.1 Applying functions

No.	Book title		The year of publishing	Price	Genre	Markdown	Publishing house
	Sergey Yesenin. Complete works in one volume	Sergey Yesenin	2009	650rub	Poems, poetry	440rub	Alpha book
	Flying barge haulers	Zakhar Prilepin	2014	325r	Men's prose	220r	Edited by Elena Shubina, AST
	Ausonius. Poems	Decimus Ausonius	1993	768rub	Poetry	538r	The science
	I love	Vladimir Mayakovsky	2012	90r	Poems, poetry	50r	ABC, ABC-Atticus
	M. Lermontov. Full composition of writings	Mikhail Lermontov	2014	572r		460rub	ABC, ABC-Atticus
Average value
Price				2405		1708

To calculate the average value, use the function:

Avg(E2:E6)

To calculate the cost we use the formula

SUM(E2:E6)

These functions could be replaced by the formula

=(E2+E3+E4+E5+E6)/5

E2+E3+E4+E5+E6

But in this case, if there were more data, it would be easy to make a mistake and much more time for writing would be wasted

3.2. Applying a script

3.2.1. Example of calculations of the internal investment turnover rate

Output: project costs amount to 700 million rubles. Expected income over the next five years will be 70, 90, 300, 250, 300 million rubles. Consider also the following options (project costs are presented with a minus sign):

600; 50, 100; 200; 200; 300;

650; 90; 120; 200; 250; 250;

500, 100,100, 200, 250, 250.

Figure 1. Scenario Manager window

solution:

To calculate the internal rate of investment turnover (internal rate of return), the IRR function is used.

IRR - IRR - Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows, represented by their numerical values. These cash flows do not have to be equal in size. However, they must take place at regular intervals, such as monthly or annually.

The internal rate of return is the interest rate accepted for an investment consisting of payments (negative values) and income (positive values) that occur in successive periods of equal duration.

VSD (Value; Assumption)

The values ​​must contain at least one positive and one negative value.

VSD uses the order of values ​​to interpret the order of cash payments or receipts. Make sure that the payments and receipts values ​​are entered in the correct order.

If an argument that is an array or a reference contains text, boolean values, or empty cells, then such values ​​are ignored.

A guess is a quantity that is assumed to be close to the IRR result.

In our case, the function to solve the problem uses only the Value argument, one of which is necessarily negative (project costs). If the internal investment turnover rate is greater than the market rate of return, then the project is considered economically feasible. If not, then the project should be rejected.

The solution is shown in Fig. 2. Formulas for calculations:

In cell B14:

Sun (B5:B10)

In cell C14:

IF(B14>12); "

The project is economically feasible";

"The project must be abandoned")

Rice. 2. Calculations of the internal investment turnover rate

1. Consider this example for all combinations of input data. To create a script, use the Tools | Scripts | Add button (Fig. 3). After clicking the OK button, it becomes possible to enter new values ​​for the cells being changed (Fig. 4).

To save the results for the first scenario, there is no need to edit the cell values ​​- just click OK (to confirm the default values ​​and exit to the Scenario Manager window).

Rice. 3. Adding a script for a combination of input data

Rice. 4. Window for changing cell values

3. To add new scenarios to the task under consideration, just click the Add button in the Scenario Manager window and repeat the above steps, changing the values ​​in the source data cells (Fig. 5).

Scenario "Turnover Rate 1" corresponds to the data (-700, 70, 90, 300; 250; 300), Scenario "Turnover Rate 2" - (-600, 50, 100, 200, 200, 300),

Scenario "Turnover Rate 3" - (-650, 90; 120; 200; 250; 250).

By clicking the Output button, you can view it on the worksheet

calculation results for the corresponding combination of initial values.

Rice. 5. Script Manager window with added scripts

4. To receive a final report on all added scenarios, click the Report button in the scenario manager window. In the script report window that appears, select the required report type and provide links to the cells in which the resulting functions are calculated. When you click OK, a report on the scenarios is displayed on the corresponding sheet of the workbook (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6. Report on scenarios for calculating the investment turnover rate

3.2. Building charts

Charts are used to present data from worksheets (tables) in graphical form. The worksheet data that is used to create the charts is connected to the chart, and when it changes, the chart is updated. You can create an embedded chart, added directly to a worksheet, or run it on a separate chart sheet in a workbook. Once created, you can customize your chart with titles and gridlines. You can use auto formats to change the chart format.

To create a chart using the Chart Wizard, follow these steps:

1. Select the data you want to use in the chart.

2. Execute the Insert / Chart command or click the Chart Wizard button.

3. The Chart Wizard (step 1 of 4) dialog box appears. Select a chart type from the appropriate list, and then select a chart type. Then click on the Next> button. You have the opportunity to see a preview of the chart by left-clicking on the View Result button.

Rice. 9. - Chart Wizard

4. If the range address in the Range text box of the Data Range tab is correct for the Next> button. Otherwise, select the range in the working window or enter the addresses of its cells and then click the Next> button. You can make some changes by selecting the Row tab. A new dialog box will appear.

5. In this window, you can improve the diagram using the appropriate tabs. For example, a histogram might look like this. Click the Next> button. The final Diagram Wizard window appears.

6. Specify the location of the chart.

7. Click the Finish button. The diagram appears on the worksheet.

After you insert a chart into a worksheet, you can resize it or move it to another location by first selecting it. To select a chart, place the mouse cursor on it and left-click. In this case, a thin rectangular frame will appear near the diagram with markers in the form of black squares in the corners, in the middle of each side (dimensional markers).

To resize the chart, do the following:

1. Select a chart.

2. Resize the chart by moving the size markers. To change dimensions proportionally, move the corner dimension markers; to change the width or height, move the corresponding markers in the middle of the sides.

Rice. 10. - Chart Wizard, Data Source

Figure 11. - Chart Wizard, chart parameters

spreadsheet script diagram

Figure 12. - Chart Wizard, chart placement

Figure 13. - Moving the diagram

IV . Workplace organization

Hardware

Computer Pentium (R) Dual - Core CPU E 5300

2.6 GHz, 0.99 GB RAM

Software

1. Operating system Microsoft Windows XP Professional

Service Pack 3

1. Microsoft Office 2013

V . Occupational safety while working with a PC

General safety requirements

This instruction applies to personnel operating the equipment. computer technology and peripheral equipment. The instructions contain general instructions for the safe use of electrical equipment in an institution. The requirements of this instruction are mandatory; deviations from it are not permitted. Only specially trained personnel who are at least 18 years old and fit for health reasons and qualifications to perform the specified work are allowed to operate electrical equipment independently.

Safety requirements before starting work

Before starting work, you should make sure that the electrical wiring, switches, plug sockets with which the equipment is connected to the network are in good condition, that the computer is grounded, and that it is working properly.

Safety requirements during operation

To reduce or prevent the influence of dangerous and harmful factors, it is necessary to comply with sanitary rules and regulations. Hygienic requirements for video display terminals, personal electronic computers and work organization (Approved by Resolution of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia dated July 14, 1996 N 14 SanPiN 2.2.2.542-96), and Appendix 1.2

To avoid damage to the insulation of the wires and the occurrence of short circuits, it is not allowed to: hang anything on the wires, paint or whitewash cords and wires, lay wires and cords behind gas and water pipes, behind radiators of the heating system, pull out the plug from the socket by the cord, force must be attached to the plug body.

To prevent electric shock, it is forbidden to: frequently turn on and off the computer unnecessarily, touch the screen and the back of the computer components, work on computer equipment and peripheral equipment with wet hands, work on computer equipment and peripheral equipment that have damage to the integrity of the case, violation of wire insulation, faulty power-on indication, with signs of electrical voltage on the case, placing foreign objects on computer equipment and peripheral equipment.

It is prohibited to clean electrical equipment from dust and dirt while under voltage.

It is prohibited to check the functionality of electrical equipment in rooms that are not suitable for use with conductive floors, damp, and do not allow accessible metal parts to be grounded.

It is unacceptable to carry out repairs on computers and peripheral equipment while under voltage. Repair of electrical equipment is carried out only by specialist technicians in compliance with the necessary technical requirements.

To avoid electric shock, when using electrical appliances, you must not simultaneously touch any pipelines, heating radiators, or metal structures connected to the ground.

Take special care when using electricity in damp areas.

Safety requirements in emergency situations

If a malfunction is detected, immediately turn off the power to the electrical equipment and notify the administration. Continued operation is only possible after the fault has been eliminated.

If a broken wire is discovered, you must immediately inform the administration about it and take measures to prevent people from coming into contact with it. Touching the wire is life-threatening.

In all cases of electric shock to a person, call a doctor immediately. Before the doctor arrives, you need to begin providing first aid to the victim without wasting time.

It is necessary to immediately begin artificial respiration, the most effective of which is the mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose method, as well as external cardiac massage.

Artificial respiration is performed for the person affected by the electric current until the doctor arrives.

It is prohibited to have flammable substances in the workplace

The following is prohibited on the premises:

a) light a fire;

b) turn on electrical equipment if the room smells of gas;

c) smoke;

d) dry something on heating devices;

e) close ventilation holes in electrical equipment

Sources of ignition are:

a) spark during discharge static electricity

b) sparks from electrical equipment

c) sparks from impact and friction

d) open flame

If a fire hazard or fire occurs, personnel must immediately take the necessary measures to eliminate it, and at the same time notify the administration about the fire.

Premises with electrical equipment must be equipped with fire extinguishers of the OU-2 or OUB-3 type.

Safety requirements after completion of work

After finishing work, it is necessary to turn off the power to all computer equipment and peripheral equipment. In the case of a continuous production process, only the necessary equipment should be left switched on.

VI. Bibliography

1. "Data Analysis in Excel" - Ginger Simon: publishing house - "Dialectics", 2004.
2. "Microsoft Office Excel for students" - L.V. Rudikov: publishing house - "BHV-Petersburg"; 2005
3. Simonovich S., Evseev G. "Excel". - "M.: INFRA M", 1998..
4. "Training. Excel 2000." - M.: Publishing house "Media", 2000.
5. "Fundamentals of Computer Science: Textbook" / A.N. Morozevich, N.N. Govyadinova and others; Ed. A.N. Morozevich. - Mn.: “New Knowledge”, 2001.
6. Langer M . "Microsoft Office Excel 2003 for Windows." - "NT Press" - 2005.
7. Verlan A.F., Apatova N.V. Informatics, -K., Kvazar-Micro, 1998..
8. The latest encyclopedia of the personal computer 2000. -2nd ed., Revised. and additional -M.: OLMA-PRESS, 2000. -p.394-430.
9. Rudenko V.D., Makarchuk A.N., Patlanzhou N.A. Practical course in computer science / ed. Maziona, -K., Phoenix, 1997.
10. Self-instruction manual for working on a personal computer / ed. Kovtanyuk Yu.S., Solovyana S.V. - K: Junior, 2001. - pp. 231-304.
11. Simonovich S.V., Evseev G.A., Alekseeva A.G. Special informatics: Textbook. - M.: AST-PRESS: Inforkom-Press, 1999.
12. Official website of Microsoft Corp. on the Internet: http://www.microsoft.com/rus

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Introduction

1: Microsoft Excel

1.1 Concept and capabilities of MS Excel

1.2 Basic elements of the MS Excel window

1.4 Possible errors when using functions in formulas

2: Data analysis. Using Scripts

2.1 Data analysis in MS Excel

2.2 Scenarios

2.3 Example of calculating the internal investment turnover rate

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

Microsoft Office, the most popular family of office software products, includes new versions of familiar applications that support Internet technologies, allowing you to create flexible Internet solutions

Microsoft Office is a family of Microsoft software products that combines the world's most popular applications into a single environment ideal for working with information. Microsoft Office includes word processor Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel Spreadsheets, Preparation and Demonstration Tool Microsoft presentations PowerPoint and the new Microsoft Outlook application. All of these applications make up the Standard Edition of Microsoft Office. The Professional edition also includes the Microsoft Access DBMS.

MicrosoftExcel– a program designed to organize data in a table for documenting and graphically presenting information.

The MSExcel program is used to create complex documents in which it is necessary:

· use the same data in different worksheets;

· change and restore connections.

The advantage of MSExcel is that the program helps to operate with large volumes of information. MSExcel workbooks provide the ability to store and organize data, and calculate the sum of values ​​in cells. MsExcel provides a wide range of methods to make information easy to understand.

Nowadays, it is important for every person to know and have skills in working with Microsoft Office applications, since the modern world is saturated with a huge amount of information that you simply need to be able to work with.

This coursework will present the MSExcel application, its functions and capabilities in more detail. As well as the use of scenarios with their practical application.

1. MicrosoftExcel

1.1 . MicrosoftExcel. Concepts and features

The spreadsheet processor MS Excel (spreadsheets) is one of the most commonly used applications in the MS Office suite. most powerful tool in capable hands, greatly simplifying routine daily work. The main purpose of MS Excel is to solve almost any calculation problems, the input data of which can be presented in the form of tables. The use of spreadsheets simplifies working with data and allows you to obtain results without programming calculations. In combination with the Visual Basic for Application (VBA) programming language, the MS Excel spreadsheet processor becomes universal and allows you to solve any problem, regardless of its nature.

A special feature of spreadsheets is the ability to use formulas to describe the relationship between the values ​​of different cells. Calculation using specified formulas is performed automatically. Changing the contents of a cell leads to the recalculation of the values ​​of all cells that are connected to it by formula relations and, thereby, to updating the entire table in accordance with the changed data.

Main features of spreadsheets:

1. carrying out complex calculations of the same type over large data sets;

2. automation of final calculations;

3. solving problems by selecting parameter values;

4. processing ( statistical analysis) experimental results;

5. searching for optimal parameter values ​​(solving optimization problems);

6. preparation of tabular documents;

7. constructing diagrams (including summary ones) based on available data;

8. creation and analysis of databases (lists).

1.2. Basic elements of the MS Excel window

The main elements of the working window are:

1. Title bar (it indicates the name of the program) with buttons for controlling the program window and document window (Collapse, Minimize to window or Maximize to full screen, Close);

2. Main menu bar (each menu item is a set of commands united by a common functional focus) plus a window for searching for help information.

3. Toolbars (Standard, Formatting, etc.).

4. The formula bar, containing as elements the Name field and the Insert Function (fx) button, is intended for entering and editing values ​​or formulas in cells. The Name field displays the address of the current cell.

5. Work area (active worksheet).

6. Scroll bars (vertical and horizontal).

7. A set of shortcuts (sheet shortcuts) for moving between worksheets.

8. Status bar.

1.3 Spreadsheet structure

A file created using MS Excel is commonly called a workbook. You can create as many workbooks as the availability of free memory on the appropriate memory device allows. You can open as many workbooks as you have created. However, only one current (open) workbook can be an active workbook.

A workbook is a collection of worksheets, each of which has a tabular structure. The document window displays only the current (active) worksheet with which you are working. Each worksheet has a title, which appears on the worksheet tab at the bottom of the window. Using shortcuts, you can switch to other worksheets included in the same workbook. To rename a worksheet, you need to double-click on its tab and replace the old name with a new one or by executing the following commands: Format menu, Sheet line in the menu list, Rename. Or you can, by placing the mouse pointer on the active worksheet shortcut, right-click, then in the context menu that appears, click on the Rename line and perform the renaming. You can add (insert) new sheets to the workbook or delete unnecessary ones. Inserting a sheet can be done by executing the Insert menu command, line Sheet in the list of menu items. The sheet will be inserted before the active sheet. The above actions can also be performed using the context menu, which is activated by clicking the right mouse button, the pointer of which should be placed on the tab of the corresponding sheet. To swap worksheets, you need to place the mouse pointer on the tab of the sheet being moved, press the left mouse button and drag the tab to the desired location.

A worksheet (table) consists of rows and columns. The columns are headed with capital Latin letters and, further, with two-letter combinations. The worksheet contains a total of 256 columns, named A through IV. The lines are numbered sequentially from 1 to 65536.

Table cells are formed at the intersection of columns and rows. They are the minimum elements designed to store data. Each cell has its own address. The cell address consists of the column name and row number at the intersection of which the cell is located, for example, A1, B5, DE324. Cell addresses are used when writing formulas that define the relationship between values ​​located in different cells. At the current moment in time, only one cell can be active, which is activated by clicking on it and highlighted with a frame. This frame acts as a cursor in Excel. Data entry and editing operations are always performed only in the active cell.

Data located in adjacent cells that form a rectangular area can be referenced as a single unit in formulas. A group of cells bounded by a rectangular area is called a range. The most commonly used rectangular ranges are formed at the intersection of a group of sequential rows and a group of sequential columns. A range of cells is indicated by specifying the address of the first cell and the address of the last cell in the range, separated by a colon, for example, B5:F15. Selecting a range of cells can be done by dragging the mouse pointer from one corner cell to the opposite cell diagonally. The frame of the current (active) cell expands, covering the entire selected range.

To speed up and simplify computational work, Excel puts at the user's disposal a powerful apparatus of worksheet functions that allow almost all possible calculations to be carried out.

In total, MS Excel contains more than 400 worksheet functions (built-in functions). All of them, according to their purpose, are divided into 11 groups (categories):

1. financial functions;

2. date and time functions;

3. arithmetic and trigonometric (mathematical) functions;

4. statistical functions;

5. functions of links and substitutions;

6. database functions (list analysis);

7. text functions;

8. logical functions;

9. information functions (checking properties and values);

10.engineering functions;

11.external functions.

Writing any function into a worksheet cell must begin with the equals symbol (=). If a function is used as part of any other complex function or in a formula (megaformula), then the equal symbol (=) is written before this function (formula). Any function is accessed by specifying its name followed by an argument (parameter) or a list of parameters in parentheses. The presence of parentheses is required; they serve as a sign that the name used is the name of a function. List parameters (function arguments) are separated by semicolons (;). Their number should not exceed 30, and the length of a formula containing as many calls to functions as desired should not exceed 1024 characters. When writing (entering) a formula, it is recommended to type all names in lowercase letters, then correctly entered names will be displayed in capital letters.

1.4 Possible errors when using functions in formulas

The spreadsheet processor MS Excel (spreadsheets) is one of the most frequently used applications of the integrated MS Office package, a powerful tool in capable hands that greatly simplifies routine daily work.

The main purpose of MS Excel is to solve almost any calculation problems, the input data of which can be presented in the form of tables.

The use of spreadsheets simplifies working with data and allows you to obtain results without programming calculations. In combination with the Visual Basic for Application (VBA) programming language, the MS Excel spreadsheet processor becomes universal and allows you to solve any problem, regardless of its nature.

A special feature of spreadsheets is the ability to use formulas to describe the relationship between the values ​​of different cells. Calculation using specified formulas is performed automatically. Changing the contents of a cell leads to the recalculation of the values ​​of all cells that are connected to it by formula relations and, thereby, to updating the entire table in accordance with the changed data. Main features of spreadsheets:

· Carrying out complex calculations of the same type over large data sets;

· automation of final calculations;

· solving problems by selecting parameter values;

· processing (statistical analysis) of experimental results;

· searching for optimal parameter values ​​(solving optimization problems);

· preparation of spreadsheet documents;

· construction of diagrams (including summary ones) based on available data;

· creation and analysis of databases (lists).

You can download MS Excel in the following ways:

· Double click on Microsoft shortcut Excel on the desktop, if the shortcut is there.

· Executing the sequence of commands Start, Programs, Accessories, Microsoft Excel shortcut.

· Executing the sequence of commands Start, Find, Files and folders. In the dialog box that appears, in the Name line, enter Microsoft Excel (the name of the MS Excel program shortcut file) and click on the Find button. After finishing the search, double-click on the Microsoft Excel shortcut. When MS Excel is finished loading, close the search window.

Loading of the MS Excel processor ends with the appearance of an application window on the monitor screen with an open worksheet named Sheet1 of a standard workbook with the default name Book1.

When creating your workbook, you must complete the following steps:

· Left-click to expand the Tools menu, left-click on the Options... line and in the dialog box that appears, click on the General tab. In the Sheets window in the new workbook: set the required number of sheets and click the OK button.

· On the Standard toolbar, click the Create button.

· Left-click to expand the File menu and click on the Save As… line. In the window that appears, click on the arrow of the My Documents window. In the menu that opens, click on the line with the address of your directory, and then in the lower File name window, instead of the standard name, write down the name of your workbook, and then click on the Save button. In the future, when working with this file, do not perform such actions if you do not need to change the file name, but simply click the Save button on the Standard toolbar periodically.

Excel allows you to enter three types of data into cells: numbers, text, and formulas.

Text can be used for table headings, explanations, or notes on a worksheet. If Excel does not recognize the data type as numeric or as a formula, then the data is treated as text. Numbers are used to represent numerical information and can be entered in a variety of formats: general, monetary, financial, percentage, etc.

Date and time can also be thought of as numbers. Formulas entered into a cell perform calculations, control database operation, check cell properties and values, and are used to define relationships between cells and arrays using address references.

Spreadsheets allow you to visualize data on a worksheet in the form of a chart. The diagram clearly displays the dependencies between data, which makes it easier to understand and helps in analyzing and comparing data.

Charts provide a visual representation of data and make it easier to make comparisons and identify patterns and trends in the data.

For example, instead of looking at several columns of numbers on a worksheet, you can look at a chart to see whether sales are falling or rising by quarter, or how actual sales compare to projected sales.

You can create a chart on a separate sheet or place it as an embedded object on a data sheet. You can also publish the chart to a web page.

To create a chart, you must first enter data for it in a worksheet.

After this, having selected this data, you should use the Chart Wizard to step-by-step creation diagram, in which its type and various parameters are selected.

Or use the Chart toolbar to create a basic chart, which you can later edit. A PivotChart report provides an interactive summary of data in chart format.

Its creation is different from regular Microsoft Excel charts. After you create a PivotChart report, you can view different levels of detail and change the chart's layout by dragging its fields and elements. The chart is linked to the data from which it is created and updates automatically when the data changes.

The value of spreadsheets is determined by the data processing capabilities they contain.

That is, using data input to calculate the values ​​of other quantities.

Excel has a sufficient number of formulas that are needed to calculate various combinations of arithmetic and algebraic quantities.

In Excel, formulas are used to perform mathematical operations on one or more values ​​(or variables).

These values ​​can be just numbers or contain cell references. When writing formulas in Excel, a specific syntax is used.

If you've never used a spreadsheet to create documents before, we recommend reading our guide to Excel for Dummies.

You'll then be able to create your first spreadsheet with tables, graphs, math formulas, and formatting.

Detailed information about the basic functions and capabilities of the table processor.

Description of the main elements of the document and instructions for working with them in our material.

By the way, to work more efficiently with Excel tables, you can familiarize yourself with our material.

Working with cells. Filling and formatting

Before taking specific actions, you need to understand the basic element of any .

An Excel file consists of one or several sheets divided into small cells.

A cell is a basic component of any Excel report, table or graph. Each cell contains one block of information. This could be a number, date, monetary amount, unit of measurement, or other data format.

To fill out a cell, simply click on it with the pointer and enter the required information.

To edit a previously filled cell, double-click on it.

Rice. 1 – example of filling cells

Each cell on the sheet has its own unique address. Thus, you can carry out calculations or other operations with it.

When you click on a cell, a field will appear at the top of the window with its address, name and formula (if the cell is involved in any calculations).

Select the cell “Share of shares”. Its location address is A3. This information is indicated in the properties panel that opens. We can also see the content.

This cell has no formulas, so they are not shown.

More cell properties and functions that can be applied to it are available in the context menu.

Click on the cell with the right mouse button.

A menu will open with which you can format the cell, analyze the contents, assign a different value, and other actions.

Rice. 2 – context menu cells and its basic properties

Sorting data

Often users are faced with the task of sorting data on a sheet in Excel. This feature helps you quickly select and view only the data you need from the entire table.

It’s already in front of you (we’ll figure out how to create it further in the article). Imagine that you need to sort data for January in ascending order.

How would you do it? Simply retyping a table is extra work, and if it is large, no one will do it.

There is a special function for sorting in Excel. The user is only required to:

• Select a table or block of information;
• Open the “Data” tab;
• Click on the “Sorting” icon;

Rice. 3 – “Data” tab

• In the window that opens, select the table column on which we will carry out actions (January).
• Next is the sorting type (we group by value) and, finally, the order - ascending.
• Confirm the action by clicking on "OK".

Rice. 4 – setting sorting parameters

The data will be sorted automatically:

Rice. 5 – the result of sorting the numbers in the “January” column

Similarly, you can sort by color, font and other parameters.

Mathematical calculations

The main advantage of Excel is the ability to automatically carry out calculations while filling out the table. For example, we have two cells with values ​​2 and 17. How can we enter their result into the third cell without doing the calculations ourselves?

To do this, you need to click on the third cell in which the final result of the calculations will be entered.

Then click on the function icon f(x) as shown in the image below.

In the window that opens, select the action you want to apply. SUM is the sum, AVERAGE is the average, and so on.

A complete list of functions and their names in the Excel editor can be found on the official Microsoft website.

We need to find the sum of two cells, so click on “SUM”.

Rice. 6 – select the “SUM” function

There are two fields in the function arguments window: “Number 1” and “Number 2”. Select the first field and click on the cell with the number “2”.

Its address will be written into the argument line.

Click on “Number 2” and click on the cell with the number “17”. Then confirm the action and close the window.

If you need to perform mathematical operations with three or more cells, simply continue entering the argument values ​​in the Number 3, Number 4, and so on fields.

If the value of the summed cells changes in the future, their sum will be updated automatically.

Rice. 7 – result of calculations

Creating tables

You can store any data in Excel tables.

Using the function quick setup and formatting, it is very easy to organize a personal budget control system, a list of expenses, digital data for reporting, etc. in the editor.

They have an advantage over a similar option in other office programs.

Here you have the opportunity to create a table of any size. The data is easy to fill out. There is a function panel for editing content.

In addition, the finished table can be integrated into a docx file using the usual copy-paste function.

To create a table, follow the instructions:

• Open the Insert tab. On the left side of the options panel, select Table. If you need to consolidate any data, select the “Pivot Table” item;
• Using the mouse, select the space on the sheet that will be allocated for the table. And also you can enter the data location in the element creation window;
• Click OK to confirm the action.

Rice. 8 – creating a standard table

To format the appearance of the resulting sign, open the contents of the designer and in the “Style” field, click on the template you like.

If desired, you can create your own view with a different color scheme and cell highlighting.

Rice. 9 – table formatting

Result of filling the table with data:

Rice. 10 – completed table

For each table cell, you can also configure the data type, formatting, and information display mode. The designer window contains all the necessary options for further configuration of the sign, based on your requirements.