Computer science presentation on the topic “What does a computer consist of” download for free. What does a computer consist of? External and internal devices

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What does the term "computer configuration" mean? COMPUTER CONFIGURATION is its composition or set of hardware and programs. HARDWARE CONFIGURATION - these are the devices that are part of the computer. SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION, as you probably guessed, these are the programs that you have installed on your computer. Different people need different hardware and software configurations.

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External and internal devices Computer devices that are located outside are called EXTERNAL. And those devices that are located inside the computer are called INTERNAL. EXTERNAL DEVICES are used to receive and output information. They try to make information storage and processing devices INTERNAL; they are “hidden” inside the case to make it more difficult to get to. Now we will get acquainted only with EXTERNAL DEVICES. They stand on the table and we can touch them with our hands. U different computers There may be different external devices, but there are four that every computer has. This is the system unit, monitor, keyboard and mouse.

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System unit This is the most important unit of the computer. It contains devices for storing and processing information. On the back wall of this unit there are several connectors for connecting external devices, and on the front there are buttons for turning on and switching the system unit. It also contains disk drives. Disk drives are devices that can accommodate floppy disks and laser discs. Signals are recorded on disks.

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Monitor A monitor is a lot like a TV, only it has much more better quality Images. You should not watch TV close, it can hurt your eyes. You can look at the monitor at arm's length. Monitors can be color or monochrome (they are called monochrome). You already guessed that the monitor is used to display information. Typically it can display texts, numbers, pictures and videos.

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Keyboard The computer keyboard is used to enter letters, numbers, and punctuation marks. It has more than 100 keys, each of which has its own purpose. Keys can be divided into blocks: alphanumeric, function, additional and cursor. The great-grandmother of the computer keyboard was the typewriter.

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Mouse A mouse is also a device for entering information into a computer. It has two or three buttons, so it is inconvenient to enter letters and numbers with it. But with its help it is easy to enter signals. The mouse can be rolled on a table or on a special mat. When we roll it to the left, the computer receives a signal that the mouse pointer should also be moved to the left on the screen.

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Input devices These are devices for converting information from a form understandable to humans into a form understandable to a computer.

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What is a scanner and why is it needed? SCANNER is external device, which is intended for entering text or pictures into the computer. Data entered into the computer using a scanner is recorded in graphic format. In addition, today there are special programs, which can recognize scanned text, i.e. write it down to text format. An artist definitely needs a computer and a SCANNER. Using a scanner, he can enter an old yellowed photograph into the computer, then, using graphics editor, restore it and print it on a printer.

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Output Devices These are devices that convert output information from a form that a computer can understand into a form that can be understood by a human.

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What is a printer and what is it for? A PRINTER is an external device that is designed to print text or pictures created on a computer on paper. Modern printers can print photographs of photographic quality, but this requires special paper. A writer definitely needs a computer and a PRINTER. Using a computer, he can write down the invented chapters of a new story, and using a printer, print them and give them to a friend who does not have a computer to read.

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Sound card and headphones In order for a computer to work with music, sound and speech, it needs a special sound card, which is called a SOUND CARD.

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What is a modem and what is it for? If you have a telephone and a computer at home, then thanks to the MODEM you can connect to the worldwide computer network Internet and receive information from millions of computers around the world. A MODEM converts data stored on a computer into telephone signals, and vice versa, telephone signals into data. Using MODEM, computers exchange data with other computers, no matter how far they are, even on another continent. With MODEM you get access to the most various information(news, books in the library, private advertisements), you can buy the product you like in an online store or order a service to your home. Writers, artists and composers must have access to the INTERNET. Then they will be able to exchange sound, text and image files without leaving home.

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What is a multimedia computer? If a computer can work with five types of information (numeric, text, graphic, sound, video), then it is called MULTIMEDIA. A disk that contains these types of information is called a MULTIMEDIA DISC.

SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION, as you probably guessed, these are the programs that you have installed on your computer. Different people need different hardware and software configurations.

External and internal devices Computer devices that are located outside are called EXTERNAL. And those devices that are located inside the computer are called INTERNAL. EXTERNAL DEVICES are used to receive and output information. They try to make information storage and processing devices INTERNAL; they are “hidden” inside the case to make it more difficult to get to. Now we will get acquainted only with EXTERNAL DEVICES. They stand on the table and we can touch them with our hands. Different computers may have different external devices, but there are four that every computer has. This is the system unit, monitor, keyboard and mouse.

Monitor A monitor is a lot like a TV, but it has much better picture quality. You should not watch TV close, it can hurt your eyes. You can look at the monitor at arm's length. Monitors can be color or monochrome (they are called monochrome). You already guessed that the monitor is used to display information. Typically it can display texts, numbers, pictures and videos.

What is a scanner and why is it needed? A SCANNER is an external device that is designed to input text or pictures into a computer. Data entered into the computer using a scanner is recorded in graphic format. In addition, today there are special programs that can recognize scanned text, i.e. write it down in text format. An artist definitely needs a computer and a SCANNER. Using a scanner, he can enter an old yellowed photograph into the computer, then, using a graphics editor, restore it and print it out.

What is a modem and what is it for? If you have a telephone and a computer at home, then thanks to the MODEM you can connect to the worldwide computer network Internet and receive information from millions of computers from all over the world. A MODEM converts data stored on a computer into telephone signals, and vice versa, telephone signals into data. Using MODEM, computers exchange data with other computers, no matter how far they are, even on another continent. Using MODEM, you get access to a wide variety of information (news, books in the library, private advertisements), you can buy the product you like in an online store or order a service to your home. Writers, artists and composers must have access to the INTERNET. Then they will be able to exchange sound, text and image files without leaving home.

What is a multimedia computer?

If a computer can work with five types of information (numeric, text, graphic, sound, video), then it is called MULTIMEDIA. A disk that contains these types of information is called a MULTIMEDIA DISC.

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What does the term "computer configuration" mean?

COMPUTER CONFIGURATION is its composition or set of hardware and programs. HARDWARE CONFIGURATION - these are the devices that are part of the computer.

SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION, as you probably guessed, these are the programs that you have installed on your computer. Different people need different hardware and software configurations.

Computer devices that are located outside are called EXTERNAL. And those devices that are located inside the computer are called INTERNAL. EXTERNAL DEVICES are used to receive and output information. They try to make information storage and processing devices INTERNAL; they are “hidden” inside the case to make it more difficult to get to. Now we will get acquainted only with EXTERNAL DEVICES. They stand on the table and we can touch them with our hands. Different computers may have different external devices, but there are four that every computer has. This is the system unit, monitor, keyboard and mouse.

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System unit

This is the most important block of the computer. It contains devices for storing and processing information. On the back wall of this unit there are several connectors for connecting external devices, and on the front there are buttons for turning on and switching the system unit. It also contains disk drives. Disk drives are devices that can accommodate floppy disks and laser discs. Signals are recorded on disks.

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Monitor

A monitor is a lot like a TV, but it has much better picture quality. You should not watch TV close, it can hurt your eyes. You can look at the monitor at arm's length. Monitors can be color or monochrome (they are called monochrome). You already guessed that the monitor is used to display information. Typically it can display texts, numbers, pictures and videos.

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Keyboard

The computer keyboard is used to enter letters, numbers, and punctuation marks. It has more than 100 keys, each of which has its own purpose. Keys can be divided into blocks: alphanumeric, function, additional and cursor. The great-grandmother of the computer keyboard was the typewriter.

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Mouse

A mouse is also a device for entering information into a computer. It has two or three buttons, so it is inconvenient to enter letters and numbers with it. But with its help, signals are easily entered. The mouse can be rolled on a table or on a special mat. When we roll it to the left, the computer receives a signal that the mouse pointer should also be moved to the left on the screen.

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What is a scanner and why is it needed?

A SCANNER is an external device that is designed to input text or pictures into a computer. Data entered into a computer using a scanner is recorded in graphic format. In addition, today there are special programs that can recognize scanned text, i.e. write it down in text format. An artist definitely needs a computer and a SCANNER. Using a scanner, he can enter an old yellowed photograph into the computer, then, using a graphics editor, restore it and print it out.

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What is a printer and what is it for?

A PRINTER is an external device that is designed to print text or pictures created on a computer on paper. Modern printers can print photographs of photographic quality, but this requires special paper. A writer definitely needs a computer and a PRINTER. Using a computer, he can write down the invented chapters of a new story, and using a printer, print them and give them to a friend who does not have a computer to read.

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Sound card and headphones

In order for a computer to work with music, sound and speech, it needs a special sound card, which is called a SOUND CARD.

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What is a modem and what is it for?

If you have a telephone and a computer at home, then thanks to MODEM you can connect to the worldwide computer network Internet and receive information from millions of computers from all over the world. MODEM turns data stored in the computer into telephone signals, and vice versa, telephone signals into data. With the help MODEM computers exchange data with other computers, no matter how far they are, even on another continent. Using MODEM, you get access to a wide variety of information (news, books in the library, private advertisements), you can buy the product you like in an online store or order a service to your home. Writers, artists and composers must have access to the INTERNET. Then they will be able to exchange sound, text and image files without leaving home.

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What is a multimedia computer?

If a computer can work with five types of information (numeric, text, graphic, sound, video), then it is called MULTIMEDIA. A disk that contains these types of information is called a MULTIMEDIA DISC.

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The cooler is equipped with four legs, which we will install in the holes located near the corners of the motherboard socket. The cooler must be installed so that all four legs are installed in the holes of the motherboard. Now you need to secure the cooler to the motherboard; to do this, press each switch down with your finger one by one. When you press your finger on the leg, when you hear a click, then this leg will be fixed in motherboard, and you will need to do this with all four legs. After you have done everything, make sure that the cooler is securely attached to the motherboard socket. In order for the cooler to be securely attached to the motherboard socket, the switch on the cooler must be in the closed position. If the switch is in the open position, then the leg can easily come out of the motherboard. Now all we have to do is connect the power from the cooler to the CPU_FAN connector on the motherboard.

Computer structure Computer structure Computer structure What does a computer consist of? What does a computer consist of? So, what does our ordinary Personal Computer(PC) that we use at home or at work. So, what does our ordinary personal computer (PC) that we use at home or at work consist of? Let's look at its hardware (“hardware”): Let’s look at its hardware (“hardware”):

System unit The system unit in a computer is the “main” one. If you carefully unscrew the screws from its back wall, remove sidebar and look inside, then only at first glance its structure will seem complicated. Now I will briefly describe its structure, and then I will describe the main elements in the most understandable language. The system unit in a computer is the “main” one. If you carefully unscrew the screws from its back wall, remove the side panel and look inside, then only in appearance its structure will seem complicated. Now I will briefly describe its structure, and then I will describe the main elements in the most understandable language.

IN system unit the following elements are placed (not necessarily all at once): 1. Power supply 1. Power supply 2. Hard drive magnetic disk(HDD) 2. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) 3. Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) 3. Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) 4. Compact Disk Drive (CD ROM) 4. Compact Disk Drive disk (CD ROM) 5. DVD drive (DVD ROM) 5. DVD drive (DVD ROM) 6. Connectors for additional devices (ports) on the rear (sometimes also on the front) panel, etc. 6 Connectors for additional devices (ports) on the rear (sometimes also on the front) panel, etc.

Motherboard The system board (more often called the motherboard) in turn contains: a microprocessor microprocessor mathematical coprocessor mathematical coprocessor clock generator clock generator memory chips (RAM, ROM, cache memory, CMOS memory) memory chips (RAM, ROM, cache memory , CMOS memory) controllers (adapters) of devices: keyboards, disks, etc. controllers (adapters) of devices: keyboards, disks, etc. sound, video and network cards sound, video and network cards, timer, etc. All of them are connected to the motherboard using connectors (slots). timer, etc. All of them are connected to the motherboard using connectors (slots).

Memory Computer memory can be internal or external. External memory devices include the already discussed HDD, FDD, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM. TO internal memory includes permanent storage (ROM, ROM), operational storage (RAM, RAM), cache. Computer memory can be internal or external. External memory devices include the already discussed HDD, FDD, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM. Internal memory includes permanent storage (ROM, ROM), random access memory (RAM), Cache. ROM is designed to store permanent program and reference information(BIOS Basic Input-Output System) ROM is designed to store permanent program and reference information (BIOS Basic Input-Output System). RAM is fast and is used by the processor for short-term storage of information while the computer is running. RAM is fast and is used by the processor for short-term storage of information while the computer is running.

When the power source is turned off, the information in RAM is not saved. For normal functioning These days it is advisable to have a computer with between 1 GB and 3 GB random access memory. When the power source is turned off, the information in RAM is not saved. For the normal functioning of a computer these days, it is desirable to have from 1 GB to 3 GB of RAM. Cache memory is an ultra-high-speed intermediate memory. Cache memory is an ultra-high-speed intermediate memory. CMOS memory CMOS RAM (Complementary Metall-Oxide Semiconductor RAM). It stores computer configuration settings that are checked every time the system is turned on. To change computer configuration settings, the BIOS contains a configuration program computer SETUP. CMOS memory CMOS RAM (Complementary Metall-Oxide Semiconductor RAM). It stores computer configuration settings that are checked every time the system is turned on. To change computer configuration settings, the BIOS contains the SETUP computer configuration program.

Sound, video and network cards Sound, video and network cards can be either built into the motherboard or external. External boards can always be replaced, whereas if the built-in video card fails, you will have to replace the entire motherboard. Sound, video and network cards can be either built into the motherboard or external. External boards can always be replaced, whereas if the built-in video card fails, you will have to replace the entire motherboard.

Peripherals 1. The computer keyboard consists of 6 groups of keys: 1. Alphanumeric; 2. Controls (Enter, Backspace, Ctrl, Alt, Shift, Tab, Esc, Caps Lock, Num Lock, Scroll Lock, Pause, Print Screen); 3. Functional (F1-F12); 4. Numeric keypad; 5. Cursor control (->, ,">

Mouse Mouse Mouse (mechanical, optical). Most programs use two of the three mouse keys. The left key is the main one, it controls the computer. It plays the role of the Enter key. The functions of the right key vary depending on the program. In the middle there is a scroll wheel, which you quickly get used to. Mouse (mechanical, optical). Most programs use two of the three mouse keys. The left key is the main one, it controls the computer. It plays the role of the Enter key. The functions of the right key vary depending on the program. In the middle there is a scroll wheel, which you quickly get used to.

Modem network adapter, can be both external and internal. The modem is a network adapter that can be either external or internal. The scanner automatically reads from paper media and enters any printed texts and images into the PC. The microphone is used to input sound into the computer. The scanner automatically reads from paper media and enters any printed texts and images into the PC. The microphone is used to input sound into the computer. A monitor (display) is designed to display information on the screen. Most often, modern PCs use SVGA monitors with a resolution (the number of dots located horizontally and vertically on the monitor screen) of 800*600, 1024*768, 1280*1024, 1600*1200 when transmitting up to 16.8 million colors.

The printer is designed for printing text and graphic images. Printers are dot matrix, inkjet and laser. In dot matrix printers, the image is formed from dots using the impact method. Inkjet printers In the print head, instead of needles, there are thin nozzle tubes through which tiny droplets of ink are thrown onto the paper. Inkjet printers perform and color printing mixing basic colors. Dignity high quality printing, the disadvantage is the danger of ink drying out, high price Supplies. The printer is designed for printing text and graphic images. Printers are dot matrix, inkjet and laser. In dot matrix printers, the image is formed from dots using the impact method. Inkjet printers have thin nozzle tubes in the print head instead of needles, through which tiny droplets of ink are ejected onto the paper. Inkjet printers also produce color printing by mixing base colors. The advantage is high print quality, the disadvantage is the risk of ink drying out, high cost of consumables.

A webcam is needed to input dynamic images and sound into a computer, for example, to communicate with you and create teleconferences. A webcam is needed to input dynamic images and sound into a computer, for example, to communicate with you and create teleconferences.