Arrangement of wires in twisted pair rj45. Crimping twisted pair RJ45 circuit. Tools required for crimping twisted pair cables

Twisted pair crimp circuit. What is it and what is it eaten with?

Twisted pair is a special cable consisting of four pairs of copper wires twisted together.

Thanks to this design, it is possible to significantly reduce the impact of all kinds of interference.

Cables are widely used in - this method of transmitting and receiving information deservedly remains the most reliable, fast and convenient.

Crimping twisted pair

By crimping a twisted pair cable we mean the procedure of securing special connectors located at the end of the cord.

The connectors are usually 8-pin 8P8C connectors, known to most of us as RJ-45. Connectors can be of two types:

• unshielded – designed for UTP wire;
• shielded – for cables or STP.

You need to be very careful when choosing a connector; some of them are used only by professionals, because their installation requires knowledge, experience and dexterity.

Note! It is better not to buy connectors together with an insert - their purpose is designed specifically for soft and, in particular, multi-core wires, and using them to secure a solid copper cable is very inconvenient.

It is not difficult to figure out the connector yourself; its design is quite simple and understandable - inside the device there are 8 grooves (for each copper core of the cord), at the top of which there are metal contacts.

To correctly determine the numbering of the contacts, you need to rotate the connector so that the contacts are located at the top, with the latch facing you.

In this case, the input connector will be located opposite. In this position, contact No. 1 will be on the right, and No. 8, respectively, on the left.

Numbering is important information, when performing the crimping procedure.

Therefore, be sure to remember how to correctly determine, this will help to properly secure the wire and establish the connection.

There are a couple of distribution schemes: EIA/TIA-568A and EIA/TIA-568B. The difference between the circuits lies in the location of the cores.

Since all four pairs of cores twisted inside the cord have insulation of different colors, everyone can repeat the connection diagram on their own.

Important! We always start laying from the first contact to the eighth.

Color arrangement of cores in circuit 568A:

1. white-green;
2. green;
3. white-orange;
4. blue;
5. white-blue;
6. orange;
7. white-brown;
8. brown.

Twisted pair crimp circuit 568A is used to connect computers to each other when creating a local network.

Color arrangement of cores in the 568V circuit:

1. white-orange;
2. orange;
3. white-green;
4. blue;
5. white-blue;
6. green;
7. white-brown;
8. brown.

This table is useful if you need to establish a connection between the router and the computer.

Crimping methods

Network cables designed to connect computers and different types of network equipment to each other use two cable crimping options - crossover and straight.

Direct crimping of the cord is used in the manufacture of a cable that will serve to connect different types network equipment and client devices to the computer, as well as for connecting network equipment with each other.

This crimping method is the most common and frequently used.

The cross crimping method is used in the manufacture of wires intended for interconnection.

In this case, no additional equipment is involved in the switching.

Less commonly, a crossover cord is used to connect old ones into a network through up-link ports.

To make a straight type, you can use any crimping scheme, the main condition is that both ends of the cable are crimped identically.

Most often, when creating a direct power cord, the 568V circuit is used.

Sometimes, to make a straight type, you can use not four twisted pairs, but only two.

Using such a cable, you can connect two pieces of computer equipment to the network.

This method of crimping a twisted pair into RJ-45 is used if there is no high local traffic in the plans; the data exchange rate will be equal to 100 Mbit/s.

For example, the rj45 pinout diagram is shown, in which green and orange are involved. For a different type of crimp, brown replaces orange, and blue replaces green.

But the instructions for connecting contacts remain unchanged.

If you need to make a crossover cable, one end is 568A, and the other is 568B.

In the manufacture of such a cable, all eight copper cores are certainly involved.

If you need to make a crossover that will provide data exchange speeds between computers up to 1000 Mbit/s, use a special crimping method.

One end will be crimped according to the example of the 568V circuit, and the other end has an rj45 pinout by color:

1. white-green;
2. green;
3. white-orange;
4. white-brown;
5. brown;
6. orange;
7. blue;
8. white and blue.

This scheme The crimp differs from the 568A we are already considering - brown and blue pairs mutually replaced each other, maintaining the general sequence.

If both ends of the cable are clamped according to the 568V circuit, we get a straight network cable, which is suitable for connecting a PC to a switch.

If one end of the cable is crimped according to the 568B circuit, and the other - according to the 568A circuit, we have a crossover cable suitable for connecting computers.

If you need to make a gigabit crossover cable, you should use a special crimping scheme.

Crimping twisted pair cable to RJ-45

To crimp twisted pair cables into RJ-45, you need a special tool - a crimper, a special type of pliers with several working zones.

Twisted pair crimping. Lesson: how to crimp an Internet cable

Video on how to crimp correctly twisted pair at home.

RJ 45 or “Twisted Pair” is a type of wire consisting of four or eight thin wires, in pairs twisted between themselves. Used this type cable for associations computers to a local network or connection to Internet. In some cases, twisted pair cable can be used for connections any peripheral devices(for example printers) to a computer.

Despite the presence of more advanced and high-quality technologies ( optical fiber, wireless communication channels), twisted pair is still used due to the low price of cable and related equipment (network cards, routers), as well as the high you just deployment local network and immunity from external interference.

How to crimp a cable with an RJ 45 connector

Before you start crimping, you need to prepare all the necessary tools. In addition to the cable you will need : crimping pliers and special connectorsR.J. 45 .

From the wire is necessary take off external insulation (there is no need to touch the internal one), then in the correct order (depending on the crimping pattern) arrange wires in the connector. Having located all the wires inside the connector, you need to check their correct placement and squeeze cable using pre-prepared pliers.

Crimping schemes

Direct scheme used to connect network devices different types(for example, a computer and a router), as well as for associations two hubs or routers into one local network. This crimping scheme is the most frequently used on local networks.

The procedure for crimping an eight-core cable used in gigabit local networks, the following:

In twisted pair cables used in local networks operating at speeds of 100 Mbit/s, the following direct crimping order is used:

Cross(reverse) circuit is needed to connect two computers directly, without the use of hubs or switches. Gigabit A twisted pair crossover type is crimped as follows:

Reverse wire diagram for local network operating at speed 100 Mbit/s.

To connect other devices, such as network printers, IP cameras and other similar devices, the crimping diagram is usually written in the instructions for the connected equipment.

Crimping a two-pair cable

To connect via one cable two devices use two-pair cable. Those. one cable branches at both ends and is crimped with two connectors.

The diagram below shows the principle of crimping in this way. Two pairs are inserted into one connector (use 1, 2, 3, 6), remaining pairs are inserted into the second connector (use 4, 5, 7, 8 respectively)

A two-pair RJ 45 cannot be used in gigabit networks or for cross crimp (they will require all eight cores). In the direct scheme, everything is quite standard.

How to extend the cable

Not in all cases the available twisted pair is enough for the connection necessary devices. In this case it may be necessary build-up wire in any way in order to lengthen it.

The easiest way to extend a cable is to use a special joyner RJ 45. This device is a regular adapter from one RJ-45 connector to another. To connect, you will need two pre-crimped wires and the joyner itself.

Advantages this method of wire extension: simplicity connections of all elements, low price, quite high reliability(there is simply nothing to break).

Flaws: slight losses in connection stability and speed are possible; not all the necessary tools may be at hand.

For the highest quality wire extension, it is better to use router. This will allow you to get the highest quality and stable connection without any signal loss and reduction in network speed. Using this cable extension method in reverse increases signal stability and reduces packet loss.

TO shortcomings this method connections can be attributed enough high price(you will need to purchase a router). Also, do not forget that to connect you will need an outlet or the use of POE (power supply via twisted pair), in addition, the router may break down at the most inopportune moment.

Categorically not recommended for use twist. Even if you twist the wires perfectly, you will not be able to avoid signal loss and many other problems with this cable extension method.

The only one advantage twist is its price - it’s practically for free, otherwise this method of extending the wire is no good.

Twisting can only be used as a temporary option when the necessary tools or equipment for something better are not at hand. In this case, you should adhere to the following recommendations:

• It is advisable not to use twisting with wires made from different metals(for example, connecting aluminum and copper wire). This will lead to strong heating and oxidation of the metal, as well as other undesirable problems;
• Places of twisting should be carefully isolate, this will at least slightly protect the connections from external interference and other difficulties.

Good day, dear readers! Today we will talk about the network cable (patch cord), thanks to which most of you gain access to the Internet. That is, we'll talk about that how to crimp an RJ-45 cable.

I think it’s no secret that the cable does not appear in a ready-crimped state (otherwise it would not be possible to insert it everywhere, and there would be extra “tails”), but in the form of just a “lace” without any connectors.

Only then, after the efforts of some mythical installers, a sort of plastic pin appears on the cable, which can be plugged into the network card.

Probably, as you already guessed, this article will talk about how to crimp a network cable, what is needed for this and what all this is used for.

The process of crimping a network cable is not difficult, although it requires sleight of hand and some skill.

Let's get started.

What tools and items will be needed

How to crimp a cable? Yes, it’s very simple, but first we need to understand what we need. And this:

1. 1. Not crimped cable (and also crimped, because with one easy movement of scissors it turns into elegant shorts, not crimped). You can buy it at any computer store at a price of about 5-10 rubles per meter;
   2. A pair (as practice shows, more is better) RJ-45 connectors. They cost around 5 rubles apiece. They look like this:

Note: in principle, some also squeeze with their teeth; if you use a screwdriver, it is advisable to be more careful. There were precedents.

How to crimp a cable - process and methods

First, remove the outer insulation.

Option 1. Purely Russian.
Using a knife, pressing lightly, we carefully go along the contour of our cable (if you press too hard, you will damage the core or accidentally cut off the half of the cable).

Option 2. Thoughtful.
The cable, as a rule, has a special thread (usually white nylon), we take it and pull it along the cable. This way it will cut the outer insulation, and the excess can then be cut off with the same knife.

Option 3. Best.
Most advanced crimpers have long had a built-in blade for removing insulation - just insert the cable into the hole, squeeze the tool handles and then remove the winding with your hands. It’s convenient, even, and the insulation is cut, one might say, neck to neck.

Now our cable without insulation consists of 4 pairs of twisted cores and a nylon thread. You can cut the thread immediately. You won't need it. Next, we untangle the veins and try to straighten them as much as possible.

Now we need to determine what type of cable we will make, because how to crimp the cable (in what way), and there are several of these methods.

Cable type or crimping method

There are two of them:

• Direct, - for port connection network card with switch/hub.
• Crossover - for directly connecting two network cards installed in computers, as well as for connecting some older models of hubs/switches

In most cases, using a direct crimping sequence is sufficient.

• If you are not sure which type you should use, then find out from your provider’s support in what order the cores should be;
• If you want to connect 2 computers directly, then use the crossover type;
  If you want to connect a computer to a hub/switch/, then it is enough to use the direct type.

Straight cable crimping diagram

Crossover cable crimping diagram

So, after you have decided on the diagram, you need to line up our cores (wiring) in one of the above positions. After this, you need to align the veins so that they are as parallel and close to each other as possible, namely, so that neither the veins themselves nor their tips diverge anywhere.

After this, carefully, smoothly, gently and slowly insert the wires into the connector, carefully controlling the process, namely, making sure that the colors do not get mixed up or that two wires do not fit into one track.

Having successfully inserted the cores, laid out and leveled in advance, into both connectors, we insert them (the connectors) into the crimper and firmly clamp the handles.

If everything was done correctly and carefully, then the wire is ready and now the question of how to crimp the cable should not arise before you.

In the case of a screwdriver, everything is somewhat more complicated. We need to secure the connector somewhere and secure the wires so that when crimping the wires do not come out of the connector. We take a screwdriver and push the yellow latches all the way through (they must push through the core insulation in order to make a connection to the wire).

The difficulty is that your wire may fall out when you have already clamped the latch, or if the core has not reached the latch, but you have already pushed it through. Then you will have to use another connector, because this one is broken.

Afterword

These are the wires. So now, I hope, you know how to crimp an RJ 45 cable (for and not only that).

In theory, the article is quite detailed and, if you have the desire, can be very easily implemented in life, but if you suddenly have any questions, then, as always, ask in the comments - I will be happy to help.

PS: For the existence of this article, special thanks to a friend of the project and a member of our team under the nickname “barn4k”.

To form Internet networks, including local ones, special connecting cables with an rj 45 connector are used. The rj 45 connector is installed from two cable ends for subsequent switching between computers, routers, and network sockets.

twisted pair

Twisted pair is a cable with wires twisted in pairs and enclosed in a common sheath of insulating material. This method is used to reduce interference that can be caused by electromagnetic fields located near the cable (two wires in a pair perceive them identically), and to eliminate interference from one wire to another when a differentiated signal is transmitted.

Types of cables:

1. UTP. Unprotected version with conventional plastic insulation;
2. FTP. The presence of a common shielding shell made of foil. Another type is S/FTP - with an additional common copper braid;
3. STP. A shielding shell is applied separately for each pair. S/STP – adds a shared external screen.

Cable pinout

The rj 45 cable has eight cores, each of which is painted in a different color. All 8 wires must be inserted into special sockets that the rj45 connector has (a separate socket for each wire), and then crimp the network cable.

Pinoutrj45 produced according to two main schemes:

1. Direct, when connecting Internet connections between computers and routers and switches;
2. Cross. Used to connect a cable to a socket from other electrical sockets or between computers directly when constructing local networks.

Important! The twisted pair cable uses 4 cores for Internet networks with a transmission speed of 100 Mbit. The remaining wires serve as a reserve for transmission over gigabit networks.

How to crimp an Internet cable depends on the choice of color scheme, which exists in two versions: T 568A and T 568B. The pinout of twisted pair cables by color is carried out according to these standards, shown in the figure below. The most common option is T 568B.

If a direct twisted pair crimping scheme is used, then at both ends of the network cable for the Internet, option A-A or B-B, if cross, then A-B. For cable routing, an identical twisted pair pinout diagram is used.

A twisted pair has 4 cores used in this way: orange + orange with white and green + green with white. If you look not by colors, but by numbers, then connector sockets 1-2 are for signal transmission, 3-6 are for receiving. Jacks that are not used are connected directly in direct and crossover configurations.

For your information. The remaining four wires can be used to connect another Ethernet line, as well as telephone communication.

If you need to crimp a twisted pair of 8 cores for gigabit connections, then crimp the cable from one end according to the T 568V scheme, and from the other - use the following pinout:

• 1 – green with white;
• 2 – green;
• 3 – orange and white;
• 4 – brown;
• 5 – white with brown;
• 6 – orange;
• 7 – white with blue;
• 8 – blue.

Performing crimping

Crimping of twisted pair 8 cores is carried out using necessary tools: scissors or stripper for stripping insulation and crimper - a hand-held crimping device. Two rg 45 connectors must be prepared for the two ends of the cable.

To crimp an Internet cable, follow these steps:

1. Cut part of the cable to the required length;
2. Cut off the top cable insulation approximately 3 centimeters from the end and unwind the cores formed by the twisted pairs;

Important! Take the rj 45 connector, positioning it so that the latch is at the back and the contacts are at the top. Then contact number 1, indicated on the pinout diagram, will be on the far left, all subsequent ones will be on the right side.

1. After choosing a pinout diagram from two options, each conductor is inserted into its own socket, strictly following the color designations. The cores should be inserted all the way;
2. Place the connector in the special groove of the crimper and squeeze the handles. The result is a ready-made connector that connects to the computer and other necessary inputs.

Transition module

Sometimes during installation or operation it is necessary to extend the Internet cables. A convenient device is used for this – a transition module. It has two ports: one rj45 connector and the other rj45. Then one cable is connected to one port, the next to another.

In this way, you can remove part of the cable with damaged outer insulation by cutting it and connecting it through an adapter module. It is important that the pinout of both connectors follows the same pattern.

Crimping rj 45 without tools

You can crimp an Internet cable at home using a regular screwdriver. Often the need for this arises when the outer insulation of the cable or the connector itself is accidentally damaged. Of course, not every home has crimpers, and buying them for one operation is impractical.

Just in case, you need to prepare additional connectors, since beginners are not always able to crimp twisted pair cables with a screwdriver the first time.

Crimping stepsrj 45:

1. Use any cutting tool to cut off the damaged part of the cable or connector;
2. Remove the insulating sheath, starting 5 centimeters from the cable end;
3. Unravel the weave of all eight wires and cut them 1.5-2 centimeters from the edge of the removed outer shell;

Important! The cut must be very even, strictly perpendicular to the cable axis. Otherwise, not all wiring will be connected to the contacts.

1. Place the wires into the connector according to the diagram. Make sure that each wire is brought to the stop wall;
2. The contacts in the connector are slightly raised. They need to be pressed. You can use pliers for this. As a result, the contacts will be on the surface without a protrusion;
3. The next part of the operation is to press them inward so that the sharp parts of the contacts pierce the insulation and connect to the conductors. Each contact must be pressed individually with a screwdriver blade. You will have to make some effort, but at the same time try not to deform the contacts;

1. Then take a larger screwdriver and use it to press on the wide recess on the connector body below the contacts, so that the cable itself is firmly fixed in the connector.

Crimping rj using a homemade method is not ideal, but it can cope with its task - getting an Internet connection in an emergency.

After crimping the cable connectors on both sides, technicians usually check the connection using special instruments. A multimeter with thin probes is also suitable for this purpose. It is necessary to ring each core. If there are no devices, the functionality of the connection is checked by connecting to a computer.

Video

Twisted pair cable or in common parlance "yutipishka" (from the abbreviation UTP - u nshielded t wisted p air) is by far the most common solution for transmitting information in digital information networks. This is due to low cost and ease of installation. Twisted pair is used in structured cabling networks (SCN), computer networks, television, telephony and other systems where information is transmitted in digital (packet) form. Due to its widespread use, modern world It is very important to be able to correctly crimp a UTP cable with an Rj45 connector. This ability is valued as much as the ability to fix an outlet in no time.

Necessary equipment.

To work you will definitely need the following tools and materials:

Cable. Otherwise known as “network cable” or “internet cable”. Correctly called “twisted pair”, it can be categories 5e or 6. Category cables are more popular cat.5e– because of its functionality. It will be enough for almost all types of work. Attention! According to standardTIA/EIA-568-B the maximum long line of category 5e can be no more than 90m + 10% margin, that is, the actual recommended cable length should not exceed 100m. Depending on the manufacturer, the quality of the gasket, external electromagnetic interference, the possible signal transmission distance may vary.

Connectors. Here you will need RJ-45 connectors (8P8C). For those who have little experience in crimping twisted pair cables, we recommend stocking up on at least 2 Rj45 “connectors”. If the store doesn’t understand what you need, then ask the seller for another name – 8P8C connector. The retail cost of 8P8C connectors starts from 20-30 rubles per piece; if you buy a pack of 100 pieces, you can save from 50% to 200%. Connectors are available for cables of category 5e and category 6, the main difference is that cables of category 6 and higher have a core cross-section of 23AWG (diameter 0.573 mm), which is significantly larger than twisted pair cable of category 5, which has 24AWG (diameter 0.511 mm). RJ45 is also divided into 2 types: for unshielded UTP cable and shielded FTP cable. By appearance they are easy to distinguish, the second - FTP are “wrapped” in a metallized shell. Here's what the connectors for category 5e look like:

RJ-45 are also divided according to the method of cable entry: Without insert - suitable only for single-core cable. As a rule, they are the most convenient and common. You saw them in the pictures above.

And there are connectors that allow you to insert a soft multi-core cable; for this, there is a special insert along with the cable. This is what they look like

By the way, AWG is American Wire Gauge System, which translated into Russian means “American Wire Gauge System”. The most interesting thing here is that the higher the value, the smaller the core diameter.

- Equipment. Ideally, it is more convenient to crimp if you have crimping pliers (they are also called simply “crimping” or by their original name - crimper), as well as a device for cutting the cable. Here's what the most common crimper models look like:

Also, to strip the cable you will need a stripper - in Russian Stripping. The word stripper, as you might guess, comes from English word Stripper - stripper. A thing that removes insulation. Strippers look like this:

It is very important to adjust the position of the blade when stripping, setting the required cutting diameter. The cut diameter of the insulation is selected in such a way that the blade does not touch the insulation of the cores. A good stripper cuts the insulation in 1 turn. Having a stripper for work is of course very good, but if you do not regularly do such work, you can get by with an ordinary stationery knife. Most types of crimpers have built-in strippers; they are not always convenient, their blade is not adjustable, but they are quite suitable for occasional cable stripping.

If you don’t have one or any of the tools from the pictures above, it’s not a problem. Try to use the simplest tool that everyone has: a slotted screwdriver (thin enough to press the knife piercing the core of the RJ45 connector), a sharp utility knife (for stripping) and your skillful hands. You will have to try to seal the connector knives into the veins, but it is possible :).

Standards.

There are only 2 standards used in the world for crimping twisted pair cables: TIA/EIA-568A And TIA/EIA-568B. They are almost the same, but they are easy to confuse not only because of this. The catch is that the main difference between these standards lies in the colors of the pairs: 568A uses a green pair to transmit information, and an orange pair to receive, while the 568B standard does everything in a mirror manner. That is, in 568B, information is transmitted through the orange pair, and the green pair receives information. It is the second option that is very often used in Russia. I use the 568A standard only in 3% of cases, as statistics show, so further we will consider only the 568B twisted pair.