Almost every owner of an Android device who has decided to improve their favorite by replacing the firmware or operating system kernel comes across the adb program.

For most beginners, it is this program that becomes an insurmountable obstacle, and today we will tell you how to install and start working with this wonderful application, which will help you, for example, get root rights on your device, flash new version Android or even restore your phone or tablet to its original state after unsuccessful system intervention.

So what is ADB, beloved by all modders and hackers, where can we get it, and why do we need it?

What is ADB.

The abbreviation ADB stands for Android Debug Bridge. ADB is part of the Android SDK, which can be downloaded from here.

Since the operating room Android system is a type of Linux, to configure it you often need to work through command line. Of course, there are programs - terminal emulators that allow you to execute commands directly on the device, but, firstly, it is inconvenient to do this on a small phone screen, and secondly, sometimes you need access to the device via a computer, and in these and many other cases the program adb is simply irreplaceable. The adb program establishes a connection between the device and the computer and allows you to perform various manipulations with the Android system directly on the computer.

How to install ADB.

First of all, we recommend that you download the latest version of the Android SDK; at the time of writing this guide, version r11 is available, all further descriptions are based on its example, and in earlier versions, the location of the necessary programs after installing the SDK may differ from what is described here.

1. Download the Android SDK, it can be found at the link provided earlier. There are several types of SDK, for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS and Linux.

We will need a version for Microsoft Windows. And here there are two options - download the installer or zip archive from the Android SDK. We don’t need the installer, especially since it won’t allow you to install the SDK on Windows 7, so we download the zip archive.

The archive contains a folder android-sdk-windows, which contains the SDK itself. Unpack it onto your computer. In our example, we placed the folder in the root of drive C. If you do the same, the path to the SDK will be like this: C:\android-sdk-windows

In earlier versions of the SDK, the adb program we needed was located inside this folder in the tools folder, but later it was moved by the developers to the platform-tools folder.

However, if you go to this folder, you will not find the adb program inside it, so let's move on to the next installation step.

2. Install SDK Platform Tools.
We make sure that our computer is connected to the Internet and launch the SDK Manager program located in the android-sdk-windows folder. After starting the program, the following window will appear:

We need to download and install Android SDK Platform-tools and Android SDK Tools.

By double clicking on an item or by clicking on “Accept” and “Reject”, we mark these two items in the list and uncheck all other items, as shown in the above screenshot. Then click “Install” and wait until the components we need are downloaded and installed.

Now we have adb installed on our computer, but to work with our phone or tablet we will need to install their driver and for further convenience with the program, it would be nice to write the path to it and other components in the Windows system.

3. If we go to the folder C:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\, then now we can detect the adb program there.

After this, we need to edit the PATH system variable so that every time we start the program and enter commands we do not have to type the path to the program, which looks like this:

C:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools\adb

If you have never edited system variables, create a system restore point so that you can later return it to its original state.

If you have Windows 7 installed, right-click on the “Computer” shortcut, select “properties” and in the window that opens select “ Extra options systems."

If you have Windows XP, right-click on “My Computer” and then on “Properties”

In the next window, on the “Advanced” tab, click on the “Environment Variables” button. In the “System Variables” list, select the “path” variable and click the “Change...” button.

The variable editing window will open, and in the “variable value” item, at the very end of the line, after the semicolon, add the path to the tools folder and the platform-tools folder:

;c:\android-sdk-windows\tools;c:\android-sdk-windows\platform-tools;

(if there was no semicolon at the end of the line, add one - each path in this line must be separated from the other by a semicolon)

If you installed the Android SDK in a different folder, write your path to the tools and platform-tools folders at the end of the line.

Installing device drivers.

Some devices, such as Samsung phones and tablets, have their own software for synchronizing with a computer, and if you have it installed on your computer, then the device driver is already installed on your system.

But for devices like the Nexus One, which come without any additional programs and drivers, to work with the Android SDK, drivers must be installed.

To do this, go to the folder where we installed the SDK and launch SDK Manager.

In the same way as we installed Android SDK Platform-tools and Android SDK Tools, find and select “Google Usb Driver package” from the list. Click “Install” and wait for the program to download the drivers. Drivers for 32 and 64 bit Windows will be downloaded to the following folder:

C:\1\android-sdk-windows\extras\google\usb_driver

You can now install drivers for your device. To do this, in the settings menu of your phone or tablet, select the “Applications” item, and in it enable “ USB Debugging"(USB debugging).

We connect our device to the computer. The computer will detect new hardware and prompt you to install drivers. We install the drivers from the folder where they were downloaded earlier.

After installing the drivers, a new device “ADB Interface” will appear in the device manager and we can verify this by opening it by right-clicking on the “Computer” icon -> “Properties” -> “Device Manager”

How to launch ADB

The best way to work with the adb program is through the command line Windows string. To open the command line on a computer with Windows XP, click “Start” and in the “Run” input field type cmd and press “Enter”.

On a computer with Windows 7, click “Start” and in the “Search programs and files” input field, type cmd and press “Enter”.

A command line window will open, and in order, for example, to see what devices we have connected to the computer, we type the command in it:

adb devices

The adb program will display a list of devices currently connected to the computer.

For each mobile device, you need to download only those drivers and files that are intended specifically for it. Otherwise, there may be problems with the operation of your smartphone, and even worse, failure. Therefore, be careful when performing any action with your smartphone.

The ADB driver (Android Debug Bridge) is designed for smartphones, which connects the device to a computer, where it is possible to control its operation via the command line.
Fastboot mode is designed to reset factory settings and install firmware on a smartphone.

Complete step-by-step instructions for installing ADB/Fastboot drivers under Windows

1/ Download the ADB/Fastboot driver and install it in the root of the C:\ drive, creating a folder named “Android”.

2/ On your smartphone, go to “Settings” in the “For Developer” section. Read how to unlock this option.

3/ In the “For Developer” section, enable “USB Debugging” and “ADB Debugging”.

4/ Connect the smartphone to the computer using a USB cable.

5/ In our case, our smartphone is not recognized. We go to the “Device Manager” on the computer and see the following:

6/ Right-click on “ADB Interface”, select “Software Update”.

7/ A window pops up where we select the option “Search for drivers on this computer.”

8/ Another window opens where OS Windows prompts us to specify the search path for the driver. Select the option “Select from the list of devices on my computer.”

9/ In the next window, look for and select the “Android device” option.

10/ The following window opens with a list of drivers previously installed on Windows.

11/ If the window is empty, then click the “Search on disk” option below the list. We go to the folder where we previously installed the ADB drivers (C:\Android - in our case), click OK.

12/ All drivers are fully installed!

13/ In order to check correct installation drivers, go to our “Android” folder, press the key combination: Shift + right mouse button. In the menu that appears, select “Open command line.” Next, on the command line, enter the command "adb devices".

14/ If you did everything correctly, you will see the following on the screen:

In order to work in Fastboot mode, we do all these points again, except points 2 and 4. Instead, just go to Fastboot and connect to the computer. We check by entering the command "fastboot devices" to the command line.

ADB (Android Debug Bridge Utility) is a command line included in the Android SDK. ADB allows you to control your device via USB, copy files, install and uninstall applications and much more. ADB allows you to use some Android tricks.

Step 1: Install Android SDK

Go to the Android SDK download page and scroll down to “SDK Tools Only”. Download ZIP file for your OS and unpack the archive.

Run exe file SDK Manager and uncheck all items except “Android SDK Platform-tools”. If you are using a Nexus smartphone, you can also check the “Google USB Driver” checkbox to download the drivers. Click on the install button. Components will be downloaded and installed, including ADB and other utilities.

When the installation is complete, you can close the SDK manager.

Attention! IN this moment installation proceeds as follows:
Go to the Android Studio download page, scroll down to the “Get just the command line tools” section and download the archive for the appropriate OS version (in our case, it’s Windows).

Unzip the downloaded archive, for example, to the root of drive C.

Interaction with SDK Manager is carried out through the command line. You can recognize all the commands, but we will focus on the main ones. To launch SDK Manager, go to the folder where you unpacked the contents of the archive > tools > bin and hold down the Shift key, right-click on an empty area and select “Open command window” if you are using a version other than Windows 10. Or run the command line and specify the working directory. In my case it's:

Cd C:\sdk-tools-windows-3859397\tools\bin

Enter the command sdkmanager and press Enter to see all available options. But we are interested in the following command:

Sdkmanager "platform-tools" "platforms;android-26"

This command will install platform tools (including adb and fastboot) and SDK tools for API 26, which corresponds to Android version 8.x. Full list Android versions and its corresponding API are described below:

• Android 1.0 - API 1
• Android 1.1 - API 2
• Android 1.5 - API 3
• Android 1.6 - API 4
• Android 2.0 / 2.1 - API 5, 6, 7
• Android 2.2 - API 8
• Android 2.3 - API 9, 10
• Android 3.0 / 3.1 / 3.2 - API 11, 12, 13
• Android 4.0 - API 14, 15
• Android 4.1 / 4.2 / 4.3 - API 16, 17, 18
• Android 4.4 - API 19.20
• Android 5.0 / 5.1 - API 21, 22
• Android 6.0 - API 23
• Android 7.0 / 7.1 - API 24, 25
• Android 8.0/8.1 - API 26

Because I have a device with Android 7.0, then my command will look like this:

Sdkmanager "platform-tools" "platforms;android-24"

You can also do this step via GUI Android Studio. To do this, go to the download page, download, install and launch Android Studio.

Click "Configure" and "SDK Manager".

Make sure there is a checkmark next to “Android SDK Platform-tools” and “Google USB Drive” if you are using a Nexus device. Click "OK" to close SDK Manager and also close Android Studio.

Step 2: Enable USB Debugging

Go to your phone settings and select "About phone". Scroll down to Build Number and click on this item 7 times. A message should appear indicating that you are logged into developer mode.

Return to home page settings, you should have a new item “For Developers”. Enable “USB Debugging”. Enter a password or PIN if required.

Once you do this, connect your phone to your computer. You will see a window on your phone asking “Do you want to enable USB debugging?” Check the “Always allow this computer” checkbox and click OK.

Step3: Testing ADB and installing drivers for your smartphone

Open the folder where the SDK is installed and open the platform-tools folder there. The ADB program is stored here. Hold down the Shift key and right-click inside the folder. Select "Open Command Window".

To check if ADB is working properly, connect Android device to the computer using USB cable and run the following command:

adb devices

You should see the device listed. If the device is connected to the computer, but it does not appear in the list, then you need to install the ADB driver for your device. There should be corresponding files on the website of the manufacturer of your device. For example for Motorola devices They can be downloaded, for Samsung, for HTC drivers are included in the HTC Sync Manager program. You can also find necessary files on the XDA Developers website without additional programs.

You can also install Google USB Driver from the Extras folder in the SDK Manager window as we mentioned in the first step.

If you use Google USB driver, you will have to force Windows to use installed drivers for your device. Open Device Manager (right-click on the My Computer shortcut and select Properties - Device Manager), find your device in the list. Right-click on it and select Properties. Go to the Driver tab and click the Update button. Select "Browse this computer for driver software."

Find Google USB Driver in the Extras folder with the SDK installed, and select the google\usb_driver folder and click Next. Once the drivers are installed, try running the adb devices command again. If everything is done correctly and the drivers are suitable, you will see your device in the list. Congratulations, you were able to install the ADB driver.

Useful ADB commands

ADB offers some useful commands:

Adb install C:\package.apk

— Install the application on your phone, located at the path C:\package.apk on your computer;

Adb uninstall package.name

— Remove the application named package.name from the device. For example, the command com.rovio.angrybirds will remove the Angry Birds game;

Adb push C:\file /sdcard/file

— Places a file from the computer to the device. This command will send the file C:\file on the computer to the device along the path /sdcard/file<.

Adb pull /sdcard/file C:\file

- Works like the previous command, but in the opposite direction.

Finding USB driver for your Android is almost a difficult task, if your smartphone or tablet manufacturer doesn’t provide a PC suite or if you don’t own a famous brand smartphone or tablet. To resolve this issue, today we are going to introduce an Universal ADB driver and installing it will let you to connect any of your Android device with computer successfully.

The Universal ADB driver given here is a windows based driver and it is compatible with almost all the Windows versions: Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows 10 and Windows 8.1. Also, it supports almost all the Android smartphone and manufacturers in the world (Example: Samsung, Xiaomi, HTC, Panasonic, LG, Micromax, Intex, Lava, Gionee, InFocus, etc.)

Universal ADB Driver Features:

1) Supports All Android Devices: The Universal ADB driver supports almost all android devices (including major brands like Samsung, Lenovo, HTC, Sony, etc.). Just download the driver, connect your Android smartphone and install the USB driver.

2) Automatic Brand Detection: This software detects the brand and chipset of your smartphone automatically and install the USB driver accordingly. Also, the Universal ADB driver comes in a quick installer format i.e., just by clicking the “.exe” file, you will be able to install the driver of your device.

3) Supports 32 bit and 64 bit Windows Versions: This software supports both 32 bit (x86) and 64 bit (x64) Windows OS versions. Also, you can use this software on all Windows versions including Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista and Windows XP.

4) New Refresh Button: The new version of this software (Version 2 and Version 3) comes with a refresh button, which you can use to refresh the device list. This feature was not available in the initial version of this software.

– Latest Version

How To Install Universal ADB Driver:

1) Before beginning the installation of Universal ADB driver, make sure that you have connected your smartphone to the computer using the original USB data cable as the ADB driver installer won't detect your device, if you connect it after you begin the installation process .

2) To get started, download Universal ADB driver and extract its zip package to a folder in your computer. Now, you will find the “ universaladbdriver_v3.0.exe" file.

3) Now, click on it to launch the Universal ADB driver installer.

4) Once the installer is launched, it will automatically detect your smartphone or tablet since you have already connected your smartphone with the computer.

5) Now, you will be able to see your smartphone or tablet model number in the Installer’s device list. Also, you will see the message “ Driver incorrectly"under" Device status“, which indicates that you haven’t installed the ADB driver in your computer.

6) Next, click on “ Install” in the Universal ADB Driver installer to begin the installation process. Once you do that, you will get a Windows Security Prompt stating that they can’t verify the publisher of the driver. Just ignore it and click on “ Install this driver software anyway” to install ADB driver in your computer.

7) After the installation is successfully finished, you will be able to see a green progress bar in the Installer along with the message “ Installation Success“.

That's it. Now you have successfully installed ADB driver for your android device in your computer.

Points To Remember:

1) The Universal ADB driver supports almost all Android devices. So, if your smartphone manufacturer doesn’t offer a PC suite, then downloading and installing this will let you connect your smartphone with the computer.

The Google USB Driver is required for Windows if you want to perform adb debugging with any of the Google Nexus devices. Windows drivers for all other devices are provided by the respective hardware manufacturer, as listed in the OEM USB Drivers document.

Note: If you"re developing on Mac OS X or Linux, then you don't need to install a USB driver. Instead see Using Hardware Devices.

You can download the Google USB Driver for Windows in one of two ways:

Download the Google USB driver

Before downloading, you must agree to the following terms and conditions.

Terms and Conditions

This is the Android Software Development Kit License Agreement

1.Introduction

1.1 The Android Software Development Kit (referred to in the License Agreement as the "SDK" and specifically including the Android system files, packaged APIs, and Google APIs add-ons) is licensed to you subject to the terms of the License Agreement. The License Agreement forms a legally binding contract between you and Google in relation to your use of the SDK. 1.2 "Android" means the Android software stack for devices, as made available under the Android Open Source Project, which is located at the following URL: http://source.android.com/, as updated from time to time. 1.3 A "compatible implementation" means any Android device that (i) complies with the Android Compatibility Definition document, which can be found at the Android compatibility website (http://source.android.com/compatibility) and which may be updated from time to time; and (ii) successfully passes the Android Compatibility Test Suite (CTS). 1.4 "Google" means Google LLC, a Delaware corporation with principal place of business at 1600 Amphitheater Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States.

2. Accepting this License Agreement

2.1 In order to use the SDK, you must first agree to the License Agreement. You may not use the SDK if you do not accept the License Agreement. 2.2 By clicking to accept, you hereby agree to the terms of the License Agreement. 2.3 You may not use the SDK and may not accept the License Agreement if you are a person barred from receiving the SDK under the laws of the United States or other countries, including the country in which you are resident or from which you use the SDK . 2.4 If you are agreeing to be bound by the License Agreement on behalf of your employer or other entity, you represent and warrant that you have full legal authority to bind your employer or such entity to the License Agreement. If you do not have the requisite authority, you may not accept the License Agreement or use the SDK on behalf of your employer or other entity.

3. SDK License from Google

3.1 Subject to the terms of the License Agreement, Google grants you a limited, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable, non-exclusive, and non-sublicensable license to use the SDK solely to develop applications for compatible implementations of Android. 3.2 You may not use this SDK to develop applications for other platforms (including non-compatible implementations of Android) or to develop another SDK. You are of course free to develop applications for other platforms, including non-compatible implementations of Android, provided that this SDK is not used for that purpose. 3.3 You agree that Google or third parties own all legal right, title and interest in and to the SDK, including any Intellectual Property Rights that subsist in the SDK. "Intellectual Property Rights" means any and all rights under patent law, copyright law, trade secret law, trademark law, and any and all other proprietary rights. Google reserves all rights not expressly granted to you. 3.4 You may not use the SDK for any purpose not expressly permitted by the License Agreement. Except to the extent required by applicable third party licenses, you may not copy (except for backup purposes), modify, adapt, redistribute, decompile, reverse engineer, disassemble, or create derivative works of the SDK or any part of the SDK. 3.5 Use, reproduction and distribution of components of the SDK licensed under an open source software license are governed solely by the terms of that open source software license and not the License Agreement. 3.6 You agree that the form and nature of the SDK that Google provides may change without prior notice to you and that future versions of the SDK may be incompatible with applications developed on previous versions of the SDK. You agree that Google may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the SDK (or any features within the SDK) to you or to users generally at Google's sole discretion, without prior notice to you. 3.7 Nothing in the License Agreement gives you a right to use any of Google's trade names, trademarks, service marks, logos, domain names, or other distinctive brand features. 3.8 You agree that you will not remove, obscure, or alter any proprietary rights notices (including copyright and trademark notices) that may be affixed to or contained within the SDK.

4. Use of the SDK by You

4.1 Google agrees that it obtains no right, title or interest from you (or your licensors) under the License Agreement in or to any software applications that you develop using the SDK, including any intellectual property rights that subsist in those applications. 4.2 You agree to use the SDK and write applications only for purposes that are permitted by (a) the License Agreement and (b) any applicable law, regulation or generally accepted practices or guidelines in the relevant jurisdictions (including any laws regarding the export of data or software to and from the United States or other relevant countries). 4.3 You agree that if you use the SDK to develop applications for general public users, you will protect the privacy and legal rights of those users. If the users provide you with user names, passwords, or other login information or personal information, you must make the users aware that the information will be available to your application, and you must provide legally adequate privacy notice and protection for those users. If your application stores personal or sensitive information provided by users, it must do so securely. If the user provides your application with Google Account information, your application may only use that information to access the user's Google Account when, and for the limited purposes for which, the user has given you permission to do so. 4.4 You agree that you will not engage in any activity with the SDK, including the development or distribution of an application, that interferes with, disrupts, damages, or accesses in an unauthorized manner the servers, networks, or other properties or services of any third party including, but not limited to, Google or any mobile communications carrier. 4.5 You agree that you are solely responsible for (and that Google has no responsibility to you or to any third party for) any data, content, or resources that you create, transmit or display through Android and/or applications for Android, and for the consequences of your actions (including any loss or damage which Google may suffer) by doing so. 4.6 You agree that you are solely responsible for (and that Google has no responsibility to you or to any third party for) any breach of your obligations under the License Agreement, any applicable third party contract or Terms of Service, or any applicable law or regulation, and for the consequences (including any loss or damage which Google or any third party may suffer) of any such breach.

5. Your Developer Credentials

5.1 You agree that you are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of any developer credentials that may be issued to you by Google or which you may choose yourself and that you will be solely responsible for all applications that are developed under your developer credentials.

6.Privacy and Information

6.1 In order to continually innovate and improve the SDK, Google may collect certain usage statistics from the software including but not limited to a unique identifier, associated IP address, version number of the software, and information on which tools and/or services in the SDKs are being used and how they are being used. Before any of this information is collected, the SDK will notify you and seek your consent. If you withhold consent, the information will not be collected. 6.2 The data collected is examined in the aggregate to improve the SDK and is maintained in accordance with Google's Privacy Policy.

7. Third Party Applications

7.1 If you use the SDK to run applications developed by a third party or that access data, content or resources provided by a third party, you agree that Google is not responsible for those applications, data, content, or resources. You understand that all data, content or resources which you may access through such third party applications are the sole responsibility of the person from which they originated and that Google is not liable for any loss or damage that you may experience as a result of the use or access of any of those third party applications, data, content, or resources. 7.2 You should be aware of the data, content, and resources presented to you through such a third party application may be protected by intellectual property rights which are owned by the providers (or by other persons or companies on their behalf). You may not modify, rent, lease, loan, sell, distribute or create derivative works based on these data, content, or resources (either in whole or in part) unless you have been specifically given permission to do so by the relevant owners. 7.3 You acknowledge that your use of such third party applications, data, content, or resources may be subject to separate terms between you and the relevant third party. In that case, the License Agreement does not affect your legal relationship with these third parties.

8. Using Android APIs

8.1 Google Data APIs 8.1.1 If you use any API to retrieve data from Google, you acknowledge that the data may be protected by intellectual property rights which are owned by Google or those parties that provide the data (or by other persons or companies on their behalf) . Your use of any such API may be subject to additional Terms of Service. You may not modify, rent, lease, loan, sell, distribute or create derivative works based on this data (either in whole or in part) unless allowed by the relevant Terms of Service. 8.1.2 If you use any API to retrieve a user"s data from Google, you acknowledge and agree that you shall retrieve data only with the user"s explicit consent and only when, and for the limited purposes for which, the user has given you permission to do so. If you use the Android Recognition Service API, documented at the following URL: , as updated from time to time, you acknowledge that the use of the API is subject to the Data Processing Addendum for Products where Google is a Data Processor, which is located at the following URL: https://privacy.google.com/businesses/gdprprocessorterms/ , as updated from time to time. By clicking to accept, you hereby agree to the terms of the Data Processing Addendum for Products where Google is a Data Processor.

9. Terminating this License Agreement

9.1 The License Agreement will continue to apply until terminated by either you or Google as set out below. 9.2 If you want to terminate the License Agreement, you may do so by ceasing your use of the SDK and any relevant developer credentials. 9.3 Google may at any time, terminate the License Agreement with you if: (A) you have breached any provision of the License Agreement; or (B) Google is required to do so by law; or (C) the partner with whom Google offered certain parts of the SDK (such as APIs) to you has terminated its relationship with Google or ceased to offer certain parts of the SDK to you; or (D) Google decides to no longer provide the SDK or certain parts of the SDK to users in the country in which you are resident or from which you use the service, or the provision of the SDK or certain SDK services to you by Google is, in Google's sole discretion, no longer commercially viable. 9.4 When the License Agreement comes to an end, all of the legal rights, obligations and liabilities that you and Google have benefited from, been subject to (or which have accrued over while the License Agreement has been in force) or which are expressed to continue indefinitely, shall be unaffected by this cessation, and the provisions of paragraph 14.7 shall continue to apply to such rights, obligations and liabilities indefinitely.

10. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES

10.1 YOU EXPRESSLY UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT YOUR USE OF THE SDK IS AT YOUR SOLE RISK AND THAT THE SDK IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND "AS AVAILABLE" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND FROM GOOGLE. 10.2 YOUR USE OF THE SDK AND ANY MATERIAL DOWNLOADED OR OTHERWISE OBTAINED THROUGH THE USE OF THE SDK IS AT YOUR OWN DISCRETION AND RISK AND YOU ARE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGE TO YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR OTHER DEVICE OR LOSS OF DATA THAT RESULTS FROM SUCH USE . 10.3 GOOGLE FURTHER EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT.

11. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

11.1 YOU EXPRESSLY UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT GOOGLE, ITS SUBSIDIARIES AND AFFILIATES, AND ITS LICENSORS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU UNDER ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES THAT MAY BE INCURRED BY YOU, INCLUDING ANY LOSS OF DATA, WHETHER OR NOT GOOGLE OR ITS REPRESENTATIVES HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF OR SHOULD HAVE BEEN AWARE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH LOSSES ARISING.

12. Indemnification

12.1 To the maximum extent permitted by law, you agree to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Google, its affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents from and against any and all claims, actions, suits or proceedings, as well as any and all losses, liabilities, damages, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys fees) arising out of or accruing from (a) your use of the SDK, (b) any application you develop on the SDK that infringes any copyright, trademark, trade secret, trade dress, patent or other intellectual property right of any person or defames any person or violates their rights of publicity or privacy, and (c) any non-compliance by you with the License Agreement.

13. Changes to the License Agreement

13.1 Google may make changes to the License Agreement as it distributes new versions of the SDK. When these changes are made, Google will make a new version of the License Agreement available on the website where the SDK is made available.

14. General Legal Terms

14.1 The License Agreement constitutes the whole legal agreement between you and Google and governs your use of the SDK (excluding any services which Google may provide to you under a separate written agreement), and completely replaces any prior agreements between you and Google in relation to the SDK. 14.2 You agree that if Google does not exercise or enforce any legal right or remedy which is contained in the License Agreement (or which Google has the benefit of under any applicable law), this will not be taken to be a formal waiver of Google" s rights and that those rights or remedies will still be available to Google. 14.3 If any court of law, having the jurisdiction to decide on this matter, rules that any provision of the License Agreement is invalid, then that provision will be removed from the License Agreement without affecting the rest of the License Agreement. The remaining provisions of the License Agreement will continue to be valid and enforceable. 14.4 You acknowledge and agree that each member of the group of companies of which Google is the parent shall be third party benefit. to the License Agreement and that such other companies shall be entitled to directly enforce, and rely upon, any provision of the License Agreement that confers a benefit on (or rights in favor of) them. Other than this, no other person or company shall be third party benefit to the License Agreement. 14.5 EXPORT RESTRICTIONS. THE SDK IS SUBJECT TO UNITED STATES EXPORT LAWS AND REGULATIONS. YOU MUST COMPLY WITH ALL DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT LAWS AND REGULATIONS THAT APPLY TO THE SDK. THESE LAWS INCLUDE RESTRICTIONS ON DESTINATIONS, END USERS AND END USE. 14.6 The rights granted in the License Agreement may not be assigned or transferred by either you or Google without the prior written approval of the other party. Neither you nor Google shall be permitted to delegate their responsibilities or obligations under the License Agreement without the prior written approval of the other party. 14.7 The License Agreement, and your relationship with Google under the License Agreement, shall be governed by the laws of the State of California without regard to its conflict of laws provisions. You and Google agree to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts located within the county of Santa Clara, California to resolve any legal matter arising from the License Agreement. Notwithstanding this, you agree that Google shall still be allowed to apply for injunctive remedies (or an equivalent type of urgent legal relief) in any jurisdiction. January 16, 2019